GIEL 3 – Fieldwork, Data Collection & Presentation

41 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key definitions, processes and examples from GIEL 3 lecture notes on designing fieldwork, data collection, sampling, analysis and presentation.

Fieldwork is a systematic approach to investigate __ & their related issues.

geographical phenomena

The 5 stages of fieldwork are craft question/hypothesis, collect data, analyse data, present findings, and __.

conclude / evaluate

A research question is often used when __ about variable relationships.

little research exists or they are uncertain

A hypothesis is a measurable, predictive statement consisting of one or two __.

variables

Data collected first-hand by researchers is called __ data.

primary

Books, articles, journals and maps produced by others are examples of __ data.

secondary

Data that can be measured numerically is referred to as __ data.

quantitative

Descriptive data that is not easily measured is known as __ data.

qualitative

In the Quantitative→Qualitative sequence, __ data is collected first to identify patterns.

quantitative

In the Qualitative→Quantitative sequence, __ data is collected first to make observations.

qualitative

An idea, opinion or theory expressed as a statement is called a __.

thesis

An element or factor that can take on different values is known as a __.

variable

A flexible interview that does not follow a fixed set of questions is called a __ interview.

semi-structured

Time, access to places and equipment are examples of fieldwork __.

limitations

Wearing proper footwear and watching for uneven surfaces mitigates the risk of __.

falls, cuts or minor injuries

Following road-crossing procedures helps reduce the risk of __ accidents.

traffic / cyclist

Selecting a subset of a population to make generalisations is known as __.

sampling

Randomly selecting samples without researcher bias is called __ sampling.

probability

Choosing samples based on the researcher’s judgement is called __ sampling.

non-probability

Assigning numbers and using a random generator selects a sample through __ sampling.

simple random

Matching sample proportions to the population before random selection describes __ sampling.

stratified random

Selecting a proportionate sample first and then using convenience techniques defines __ sampling.

quota

Choosing participants based on ease of access is an example of __ sampling.

convenience

Questionnaire surveys mainly collect __ data.

quantitative

A __ scale presents a range of responses anchored by two opposing positions.

Likert

Mental maps collect data on how people __ and spatially think about an environment.

visually / think visually and spatially

Counting the total number of occurrences is a measure of __.

frequency

The value obtained by dividing the sum of all values by their number is the __.

mean

The middle value when ordered data are listed is the __.

median

The most frequently occurring value in a data set is the __.

mode

On maps, dots are used to represent __ features.

discrete

On maps, lines represent __ features such as roads.

continuous

On maps, polygons represent __ such as school boundaries.

areas / boundaries

A map should include title, orientation, scale, legend and __ to ensure reliability.

author / source

Bar graphs use rectangular bars to compare __ between categories.

values / totals

Pie charts show proportional data but cannot show __ over time.

change

Line graphs display changes over time and relationships between __ variables.

two

Ground-level photographs provide detailed views of a __ of an area.

part / section

Aerial or satellite images present the __ distribution of phenomena.

spatial

Colour-coded quotations help researchers analyse large bodies of __ data.

text-based

In a word cloud, __ and bolder words signal greater importance.

bigger