AP BIO TEST 2

What does cholesterol do?

maintains temperature stability in the cell membrane

What is compartmentalization?

the fact that the cell is separated into distinct compartments, like organelles.

What is exocytosis?

molecules taken out of the cepl

What is endocytosis?

molecules taken in the cell

What is passive transport?

things are able to pass straight through the membrane

What is active transport?

What does amphipathic mean?

has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region

What are integral proteins?

proteins that goes through the entire cell membrane

What are peripheral proteins?

proteins found on the side of the cell membrane

What is diffusion?

movement of particles so they can spread into available space

What is tonicity

the ability of a surrounding solution to gain/lose water

What is hypertonic?

cell looses water or “shrinks”

What is hypotonic?

cell swells with water

What is facilitated diffusion?

diffusion with the help of a transport protein

what are transport proteins?

moves solutes up and transports them

where does active transport get its energy?

ATP hydrolysis

What is cotransport?

membrane traffic, where a transport protein can couple the diffusion, or the transport of a second substance against its own concentration gradient

What is phagocytosis?

cellular eating of solids

What is pinocytosis?

cellular drinking of liquids

What organelle is responsible for removing water and protists?

contractile vacuole

what area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made in the DNA?

nucleolus

What holds the starch and is usually the largest structure in a plant cell?

vacuole

where does the synthesis of proteins that are made to be exported from the occur?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

where is the site for ATP synthesis?

mitochondria

what organelle produces hydrogen peroxide?

peroxisomes

where are macro molecules, hydrolyzed or digestion occurs in some processes?

lysosomes

primarily involved in the synthesis of oil, phospholipids and steroids, and in the liver is responsible for detoxification of many poisons and drugs…

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

what is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER > Golgi > vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

In a plant cell, where is DNA found?

nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast

what does the endosymbiot theory suggest the eukaryotic cell came from?

endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell- the endosymbiont evolved into a mitochondria