Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology

Scientific Method

Systematic procedure for observing and measuring phenomena.

Theory

Explanation of mental processes or behaviors.

Hypothesis

Testable prediction derived from a theory.

Research

Systematic data collection to test hypotheses.

Descriptive Methods

Systematic description of current phenomena.

Case Studies

Intensive examination of unique individuals or groups.

Observational Studies

Systematic assessment of observable behavior.

Self-Reports

Participants provide data through questionnaires or surveys.

Correlational Methods

Examine natural relationships between variables.

Correlation

Degree of association between two variables.

Causality

Determining if one variable causes another.

Directionality Problem

Uncertainty about which variable influences the other.

Third Variable Problem

Uncertainty if a third variable influences observed relationship.

Data Analysis

Determining meaningful effects from collected data.

Replication

Repeating experiments to confirm results.

Observer Bias

Researcher's expectations influence observations.

Reactivity

Participants change behavior due to observation.

Literature Review

Exploring scientific articles related to a theory.

Testable Hypothesis

Hypothesis that can be empirically tested.

Ethical Reporting

Avoiding selective reporting of data.

Systematic Collection

Organized method of gathering data.

Research Methods

Techniques for conducting psychological research.