Introduction to Comparative Politics - Chapter 2: The State in a Global Context

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the chapter on the state in a global context.

Sovereignty

Supreme authority over a territory.

Modern State Characteristics

Defined territory, specialized institutions, abstract legal identity.

Historical Precedents

Examples of political organization before modern states, like kingdoms and empires.

Dual Configuration

The system in medieval Europe where power was divided between the Roman Church and feudalism.

Peace of Westphalia

The 1648 treaty that acknowledged state sovereignty and allowed rulers to regulate religion.

Military Revolution

Technological changes in warfare, such as the introduction of gunpowder, that necessitated state centralization.

Social Contract (Thomas Hobbes)

The theory that individuals consent to give up certain freedoms to a sovereign authority for security.

Consent (John Locke)

The principle that government must have the consent of the governed and protect natural rights.

Welfare State

A state that assumes responsibility for the well-being of its citizens, providing services like healthcare and pensions.

Post-Colonial State Challenges

Issues faced by states that emerged from colonialism, including weak institutions and artificial borders.

Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

Organizations like the UN that challenge state sovereignty and influence domestic policies.

The Resource Curse

A situation where the abundance of natural resources leads to economic dependency and political instability.

Expansion and Contraction of the State

The processes describing the growth in the size and scope of the state in the 19th-20th centuries and subsequent retreat from over-governance.

Patrimonialism

The use of state resources by rulers to reward personal supporters and maintain power.

Artificial Borders

Borders drawn by colonial powers that disregard ethnic and cultural divisions.

Veto Power

The power of international organizations to influence a state's domestic policy through conditions on financial aid.