SET 5 – TEAS A&P: System-by-System High-Yield Facts

Cardiovascular system

Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste

Left ventricle

Has thickest wall to pump blood to body

Right ventricle

Pumps blood to lungs

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

Pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood to heart

SA node

Heart’s natural pacemaker

Capillaries

Site of gas and nutrient exchange

Blood pressure

Force of blood against artery walls

Respiratory system

Exchanges gases with external environment

Inhalation

Diaphragm contracts and moves downward

Exhalation

Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

Alveoli

Site of gas exchange

Diffusion

Movement of gas from high to low concentration

Trachea

Airway reinforced with cartilage rings

Digestive system

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Stomach

Begins protein digestion

Small intestine

Major site of nutrient absorption

Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

Liver

Produces bile

Gallbladder

Stores bile

Pancreas

Produces enzymes and insulin

Urinary system

Removes wastes and balances fluids

Kidneys

Filter blood and regulate electrolytes

Nephron

Functional unit of kidney

Ureter

Carries urine to bladder

Bladder

Stores urine

Urethra

Releases urine from body

Nervous system

Controls quick communication

Brain

Controls body functions

Spinal cord

Relays signals

Neuron

Transmits impulses

Myelin sheath

Speeds conduction

Synapse

Junction between neurons

Endocrine system

Regulates long-term body functions

Pituitary

Master gland

Thyroid

Controls metabolism

Adrenal glands

Produce cortisol and adrenaline

Pancreas

Produces insulin and glucagon

Musculoskeletal system

Supports and moves body

Bone marrow

Makes blood cells

Ligaments

Bone to bone

Tendons

Muscle to bone

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary movement

Smooth muscle

Involuntary movement

Cardiac muscle

Heart muscle

Immune system

Defends against pathogens

Antibodies

Target specific antigens

Lymph nodes

Filter lymph

Spleen

Filters blood

Vaccine

Creates immune memory

Integumentary system

Protects body and prevents water loss

Skin

First line of defense

Sweat glands

Help cool body

Sebaceous glands

Produce oil

Reproductive system

Produces gametes and hormones

Testes

Produce sperm and testosterone

Ovaries

Produce eggs, estrogen, progesterone

Fertilization

Sperm meets egg in fallopian tube