biology unit 1-2 test (passive/active transport)

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passive transport

no energy required, down a concentration gradient, from high to low concentration

active transport

requires ATP, against a concentration gradient, from low to high concentration

cholesterol

prevents fatty acid chains from sticking together

channel proteins

shaped like tubes, form a channel through cell, only allows certain molecules to pass through

receptor proteins

communicate information from outside to inside of cell, portion that sticks out from membrane

marker protein

have a carb chain attached, chain acts as identifier, glycoprotein

simple diffusion

molecules pass directly through lipid bilayer w/o channels (oxygen, carbon dioxide) passive

facilitated diffusion

molecules pass down their gradient with transport proteins (water, glucose) passive

osmosis

diffusion of water through membrane through channels called aquaporins

hypotonic

cell higher salt concentration than outside, water goes in, cell swells

hypertonic

outside of cell higher salt concentration, water leaves, cell shrinks and hydrolysis

isotonic

balanced salt/water concentration

endocytosis

cells take in large particles through engulfing them, membrane pinches to form a vesicle, active

phagocytosis

type of endocytosis; "cell eat," movement of large food particles across membrane, active

pinocytosis

type of endocytosis, “cell drink," take in of dissolved ions and molecules, active

exocytosis

cell gets rid of particles by enclosing them in a membrane and fusing it with the cell membrane, active