Gas Exchange and Oxygenation

These flashcards cover key concepts of gas exchange, lung anatomy, physiological processes, alterations in function, and oxygen delivery devices.

Upper airway

Consists of the nasopharynx (nose), oropharynx (mouth), and larynx.

Lower airway

Includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli of the lungs.

Lung lobes

The right lung is made up of three lobes, while the left lung consists of two lobes.

Bronchodilation

The expansion of airways in the lungs.

Bronchoconstriction

The restriction of airways in the lungs.

Ventilation

The process of how air moves in and out of the lungs.

Perfusion

The flow of blood through the lungs, enabling gas exchange.

Hypoxemia

A condition characterized by a limited amount of oxygen in the blood.

Retractions

Muscles pulled inward occurring between the ribs during inspiration, indicating airway blockage.

Hypoxia

A lack of oxygen at the cellular level.

Hyperventilation

When a person breathes faster and deeper than normal.

Hypoventilation

When breathing slows down or becomes too shallow.

Nasal cannula

An oxygen delivery device used at flow rates of 1 to 6 L/min for mild to moderate oxygen support.

Simple face mask

An oxygen mask covering the nose and mouth with a flow rate of 6-10 L/min.

Nonrebreather mask

An oxygen mask with an attached reservoir bag, flow rate of 10-15 L/min, prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide.

Venturi mask

Delivers specific oxygen concentration, typically 4 to 12 L/min, reduces CO₂ retention in COPD patients.

Face tent

An oxygen delivery device that fits loosely, allows oxygen to