A2.2 Cell Theory (SL)

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to cell types, structures, and characteristics important for understanding cellular biology.

Prokaryote

A simple class of cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryote

A complex class of cells that possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

A double-membrane structure that stores DNA in eukaryotic cells.

Plasmid

An autonomous DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosome

A structure responsible for protein synthesis, smaller in prokaryotes (70S) than in eukaryotes (80S).

Cell membrane

A biological membrane that separates and protects cells from their external environment.

Cell wall

A rigid outer structure found in prokaryotes and plants that provides stability.

Flagella

Whip-like projections used for movement in prokaryotic cells.

Pili

Hair-like extensions on prokaryotes used for attachment or conjugation.

Compartmentalisation

The division of a cell into compartments, each performing specific functions.

Autophagy

The process by which cellular degradation is prevented through compartmentalisation.

Coccus

A type of prokaryotic cell shape that is round.

Bacillus

A type of prokaryotic cell shape that is rod-like.

Spirilla

A type of prokaryotic cell shape that is spiral.

Ester-linked membrane lipids

Type of membrane lipid found in eukaryotic cells.

Ether-linked membrane lipids

Type of membrane lipid found in Archaea.

Chloroplast

An organelle in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis.

Vacuole

An internal fluid cavity, large in plant cells for storage and maintaining pressure.

Lysosome

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that digests toxic metabolites and cellular waste.