Typical pneumonia
caused by strep. pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia
caused by Legionella
all strains of C. diphtheria are _________ meaning what?
lysogenic; lyse with the liberation of bacteria phage particles
What does the A fragment of C. diphtheria do?
A subunit inhibits protein synthesis via ADP-ribosylation of the Elongation factor 2
What does the B fragment of C. diphtheria do?
mediates the translocation of A into the cell cytosol
C. diphtheria causes what symptoms?
pseudo membrane formation
sore throat
fever, malaise
shortness of breath (dyspnea)
arrhythmia (irregular heart rate that causes heart failure)
bull neck
C. diphtheria causes heart failure and neurological symptoms why?
they have the same receptors so diphtheria toxin can bind
What atom is required for the toxin production of the C. diphtheria toxin?
iron
Walking pneumonia
you have minor symptoms but arenāt bed ridden
B. pertussis causes what disease
whooping cough
B. pertussis, four adhesins
Filamentous hemagglutinin
Pertusis toxin
pili
pertactin
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) types
ciliated cells= binds to galactose residues on sulfated glycolipids
PMN= binds to CR3 receptor. induces phagocytosis
What toxins are present in B. pertussis
Pertussis toxin
Adenylates cyclase toxin
tracheal toxin
Dermonectrotic toxin
LPS
How does tracheal cytotoxin work?
causes the whooping part of the cough
causes an increase in cAMP and therefore increase of mucous in the lungs
Kills respiratory ciliated cells with 1,6 anhydromuramic acid N-acetyl-glucosamine- tettrapeptide
How does LPS work in B. pertiussis?
has lipid X which is more toxic than lipid A
What happens when there is an increase in cAMP?
causes an Cl and Na to increase outside of the cell membrane causing an osmotic gradient and loss of water, making more mucous build up in the lungs and airway
Adenylate cyclase toxin does what
Extracellular ligand binds to the GPCR
Receptor associated with heterotrimeric G protein, stimulating GDP release
Nucleotide exchange (GDP ā GTP), leading to Gsalpha GTP dissociation
Gs alpha subunit binds to adenylate cyclase, results in increased cAMP
GTP to GDP hydrolysis Gs alpha- GDP dissociation followed by its reassociation with Gs beta and Gs gamma
When cystic fibrosis transmembrane is phosphorylated it opens a channel and causes
increase in Chloride and water secretion
Pertussis toxin: ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha does what?
prevents the dissociation of GDP, preventing Gialpha from binding GTP
forces the cAMP to increase and prevents the inhibition of the G protein regulation
Pertussis: Phosphorylates BvgA is activated
Stages of B. pertussis:
Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent
What stage of B. pertussis is the most contagious?
Catarrhal
B. pertussis: What stage is the coughing stage?
Paroxysmal; has the tracheal toxin working hard
Paroxysms are violent and lead to
detached retina and prolapsed rectum
Antibiotic treatment of B. pertussis is best when?
in the early stages, when it is hard to diagnose Catarhal stage
paroxysmal stage reduces severity and duration but the damage is done, usually just reduces communicalbility
B. pertussis toxin is weird because
it cause lymphocytes to go crazy and increase outside of the lymph
90% of deaths from B. pertussis are to
infants