WHAP Mongol & Other Nomadic Challenges Vocab/notes

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Mongols (Mongol Empire)

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31 Terms

1

Mongols (Mongol Empire)

Nomadic people from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.

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2

Chinggis Khan

Became khagan after death of Kabul Khan; Leader of Mongol Empire defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms; killed or enslaved all who opposed

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3

Kuriltai

Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected

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4

Khagan

Title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes.

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5

Tumens

basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units.

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6

Tangut

Rulers of the Xi Xia kingdom of northwest china; one of the regional kingdoms during the period of Southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226.

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7

Muhammad Shah II

Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm; conquered by Mongols in 1220.

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8

Karakorum

Capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan

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9

Shamanistic religion

Religion that revolves around the belief of nature spirits; Was the main religious belief of Chinggis Khan and the Mongols; Although it was the main religion, the khagan was very tolerant of all other religions

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10

Batu

ruler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.

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11

Ogedei

Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death; showed that following khagans were not always the next eldest son

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12

Alexander Nevskii

Russian prince of Novgorod who surrendered temporarily to the Mongols after an invasion

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13

Moscow

Led the resistance and attacks against Mongols; became center of political power and economics in Russia

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14

Golden Horde

One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; led by Batu; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries.

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15

Metropolitan

A religious leader who held divine right

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16

Prester John

A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan.

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17

King Bela of Hungary

Dismissed negotiations with Mongol Empire; led to the invasion of Hungary by the Mongols

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18

Hulegu

Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad.

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19

Nestorians

Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions.

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20

Mamluks

Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols in 1260 and halted Mongol advance into Africa

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21

Baibars

Commander of Mamluk forces in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians.

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22

Berke

A ruler of the Golden Horde; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East.

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23

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China; took 35 years to conquer China

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24

Yuan Dynasty

The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols, Nomadic/Muslim allies, North Chinese, Ethnic/Southern Chinese

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25

Tatu

Capital of Mongol Yuan Dynasty; now present-day Beijing

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26

Chabi

influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China; promoted interests of Buddhism in China

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27

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

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28

Romance of the West Chamber

Chinese drama written during the Yuan period; indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule

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29

White Lotus Society

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

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30

Ju Yuanzhang

Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty

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31

Ming Dynasty

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

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