Nikhil - OOL Period 3

Notes: The flaschards are in order, but I also included who came before each scientist at the beginning of the "definition" so you can use that to remember order. Also use Joyce's thing to remember order: https://www.sporcle.com/games/murilega/origins-of-life-1

Aristotle

spontaneous generation, simple → complex life; chicken eggs; embryology

Francesco Redi

after aristotle disproved spontaneous generation → meat in jars.

Lazarro Spallanzani

after francesco redi: supported spontaneous generation; jar boiling kills vegetative force for spontaneous generation.

James Hutton

after Spallanzani: uniformitarianism (slow process forms earth), INSTEAD OF catastrophism.

Thomas Robart Malthus

after Hutton: Population Growth theory - food(lineraly) determines population(quadratic) & restrictions on pop growth is necessary.

Jean Baptiste De Lamarck

after Malthus: theory of inheritance → traits are given to offspring.

George Cuvier

after Lamarck: Correlation of parts → part of structure predicts rest (fossil reconstruction); Opposed Darwinism

Charles Lyell

after Cuvier: Uniformitarianism; provided support for darwin; life is result of gradual changes

Alfred Wallace

: After Lyell: natural selection theory; geographic location influence species variation - provided evidence for natural selection

Charles Darwin:

after Wallace: natural selection (more adapted organisms more likely to survive and pass on traits) - HMS beagle

Louis Pasteur

After Darwin: fermentation caused by microorganisms - first vaccines - disproved spontaneous generation; life must come from pre-existing life

Ernst vol Haeckel

After Pasteur: biogenetic law/ recapitulation theory - embryos go through old life stages ← DISPROVEN; disagreed with natural selection

Alexander Oparin

After Haeckel: Primordial soup hypothesis - before life there was chemical compounds + lightning and stuff to make cells.

John BS Haldane

After Oparin: Organic molecules can be formed from abiogenetic stuff + UV rays and heat (earths early atmosphere)

Urey & Miller

: after Haldane: experimented with recreation of earths early atmosphere → found that orgo molecules can be formed through chem reactions

Sidney Fox

After Urey-Miller: JOYCE WHY DID U WRITE SO MUCH OML - heated amino acids under CO₂ to form proteinoids; mimicked early life processes - life could’ve come from inorgo molecules + heat-driven reactions

Lynn Margulis

after Fox: opposed darwinism - Serial Endosymbiotic Theory: mitochondria, plastids, and flagella evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells through symbiogenesis - challenges darwinism as it suggests merging of organisms.

Carl Woese

after Margulis: discover Archea, RNA fingerprinting, new domain of life (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, archea)

Gunter Watchterhauser

: after Woese: Iron- sulfur world hypothesis(life formed on iron sulfides); pioneer organism; life originated from prebiotic inorganic conditions→complex reactions caused surface metabolism→development of proteins, lipids, etc

Thomas Cech:

after Margulis: RNA stuff - cutting, how life started with RNA, catalytic properties

Louis Lerman

After Cech: Bubble Theory - hydrothermal vents make bubbles - form protective layer for orgo molecules to form; explains life complexity in short time; assumed there was already organic material in ocean and ocean atmosphere contact

Bob Hazen

after Lerman: Basic molecules in high pressure/temperature - form complex compounds -> Supports: earth's environment can naturally create biomolecules without enzymes

Sean Carroll

after Hazen: Basic naturalism: one physical world, multiple ways of thinking about it; life emerged as a result of natural consequences with the right conditions; increase in entropy (2nd law of thermo) doesnt prevent life from existing

Martin vKranenDONK

after Carroll: hydrothermal vents; Archean stromatolites; biological origin of ancient fossils; early life linked to hydrothermal systems