Ap European history Chapter 11

Great Famine

A severe food shortage in Europe caused by poor weather and harvests.

Caloric Intake

The amount of energy from food consumed by people.

Typhoid Fever

A deadly disease caused by contaminated food or water.

Vagabonds

Homeless, wandering people.

Scapegoat

Someone unfairly blamed for others' problems.

Usury

Charging high interest on loans, often considered sinful.

Bubonic Plague

A deadly bacterial disease spread by fleas and rats, causing swollen lumps (buboes) and high death rates.

Ring Around the Rosie

A nursery rhyme believed to reference the Black Death.

Mortality Rates

The percentage of deaths in a population.

Leeches

Blood-sucking animals used in medieval medicine to remove 'bad blood.'

Flagellants

Religious groups who whipped themselves as penance for sins.

Inflation

A rise in prices, reducing the value of money.

Asceticism

Extreme self-discipline or denial of pleasures for religious reasons.

Indulgences

Church pardons for sins in exchange for money or good deeds.

Aquitaine

A region in France disputed between England and France.

Nationalism

Pride and loyalty to one’s country.

Longbowmen

English archers who played a key role in battles.

Heresy

Beliefs against the teachings of the church.

Martyr

Someone who dies for their beliefs.

Babylonian Captivity

Period when popes lived in Avignon, not Rome.

Great Schism

A time when there were multiple popes, causing division in the church.

Conclave

A meeting of church leaders to elect a pope.

Scripture

Religious texts like the Bible.

Jacquerie

A French peasant revolt against high taxes and oppression.

Statute of Laborers

A law freezing wages and keeping peasants tied to land.

Tithe

A 10% tax to the church.

Guilds

Worker groups that controlled trades.

Capitalism

A system where businesses are privately owned for profit.

Red-light Districts

Areas designated for prostitution.

Rape

A capital crime, though often unequally punished based on class.

Fur-Collar Crime

Crimes committed by the rich, like extortion.

Robin Hood

A legendary hero who fought against aristocratic corruption.

Colonization

Settling new areas, often mixing different ethnic groups.