Pharmacognosy (201-303 questions)

Proverbs 16:3

A. Mustard

This oil is classified as an ester volatile oils:
A. Mustard
B. Rose
C. Chenopodium
D. Anise

C. Isoprene

The basic unit of terpenes is :
A. Eleoptene
B. Stereoptene
C. Isoprene
D. Sesquiterpene
E. Diterpene

D. A, B, & C

Volatile oils and volatile-containing drugs are categorized as:
A. Alcohols
B. Ketones
C. Esters
D. A, B, & C
E. None of them

D. IV only

Volatile oils:
I. Cannot be distilled from natural sources
II. Consists of glyceryl esters of fatty acids
III. Leave a permanent grease spot on paper
IV. Do not become rancid
A. I, II, III
B. II and III
C. III only
D. IV only

D. Stain /Spot Test

Volatile oils are differentiated from fixed oils by:
A. Acrolein test
B. Iodine test
C. Ozasone test
D. Stain

A. They are odoriferous principles of plants and animals

The following statements are true about volatile oils, except:
A. They are odoriferous principles of plants and animals
B. Most are soluble in alcohol
C. They are optically active
D. Refractive indices are usually in range

A. Balsams

These are resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic acid, benzoic acid or esters of these acids:
A. Balsams
B. Rosin
C. Resins
D. Resenes
E. None of these

B. Capsaicin

The active constituent of Capsicum frutescens:
A. Capsicin
B. Capsaicin
C. Capsin
D. B & C
E. A & B

B. Capsicum

A resin which is used as a diaphoretic:
A. Ginger
B. Capsicum
C. Hashish
D. Pistachio

D. Rosin

The solid resin from turpentine:
A. Benzoin
B. Styrax
C. Tolu
D. Rosin

B. Resins

These are usually hard, transparent, or translucent and when heated, they soften and finally melt:
A. Alkaloids
B. Resins
C. Gums
D. Tannins

B. Acid resin

Resins are classified as:
A. Basic resin
C. Neutral resin
B. Acid resin
D. Mixed resin

D. All of the choices

The term RESIN usually apply to:
A. Solid, amorphous product of complex chemical structure
B. Hard, transparent or translucent exudates
C. Soften and finally melts upon standing
D. All of the choices

C. Both A & B

Balsams contain a high proportion of aromatic, balsamic acids, chiefly:
A. Benzoic acid
B. Cinnamic acid
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A or B

C. Whitfield's ointment

Which of the ff. is an antifungal ointment with benzoic and salicylic acid as ingredients:
A. Penicillin ointment
B. Terramycin ointment
C. Whitfield's ointment
D. None of them

B. Peltatin

Resin obtained from the rhizome and roots of mayapple or mandrake and used as purgative:
A. Rosin
B. Peltatin
C. Zingerone
D. Capsaicin

D. Exogonium purga

The Scientific name of Jalap is:
A. Cannavis sativa
B. Phodophyllum peltatum
C. Pinus pallustris
D. Exogonium purga

C. Storax

Balsam obtained from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis that is used as a pharmaceutic aid for compound benzoin tincture:
A. Peruvian balsam
B. Tolu balsam
C. Storax
D. Styrax

C. Mastic

A resinous exudates from Pistacia lentiscus that is used in the form of dental varnish to seal cavities:
A. Eriodictyon
B. Jalap
C. Mastic
D. Kava

C. Counter irritant

Turpentine from Pinus pallustris is used as:
A. Laxative
B. Diuretic
C. Counter irritant
D. Anthelmintic

A. Quinine

The principal cinchona alkaloid employed therapeutically as anti-protozoal drug:
A. Quinine
B. Chloroquine
C. Quinacrine
D. Quinidine
E. Eserine salicylate

B. Ipecac

The alkaloid in the form of syrup is used in the treatment of drug overdose in certain poisonings:
A. Hydrates
B. Ipecac
C. Quinine
D. Ergotamine
E. Morphine

D. Draggendorf's

Solution of Potassium Bismuth Iodide is:
A. Mayer's
B. Wagner's
C. Valser's
D. Draggendorf's

A. Eserine / Physostigmine

This alkaloid is employed in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma:
A. Eserine
B. Reserpine
C. Emetine
D. Morphine
E. Strychnine

A. Heroin

The alkaloid formed by the acetylation of morphine is:
A. Heroin
B. Codeine
C. Morphine
D. Cocaine
E. Papaverine

B. Reserpine

The alkaloid present in Rauwolfia is:
A. Emetine
B. Reserpine
C. Physostigmine
D. Morphine
E. Scopolamine

E. Cocaine

Alkaloids obtained from opium and its extract, except:
A. Codeine
B. Morphine
C. Noscapine
D. Thebaine
E. Cocaine

B. Codeine

The most widely used opium alkaloid is:
A. Heroin
B. Codeine
C. Morphine
D. Narcotine
E. Papaverine

C. Morphine

The most important of the opium alkaloids is:
A. Heroin
B. Codeine
C. Morphine
D. Narcotine
E. Papaverine

B. Tannic acid

This is used as an antidote for alkaloidal poisoning:
A. Lactic acid
B. Tannic acid
C. Tartaric acid
D. Picric acid
E. Gallic acid

D. All of the above

In general, alkaloids may be identified by:
A. Specific rotation
C. Color reactions with specified reagents
B. Solubility in various solvents
D. All of the above

A. Mayer's reagent

Mercuric iodide, Potassium iodide and water are the composition of:
A. Mayer's reagent
C. Wagner's reagent
B. Dragendorff's reagent
D. All of these

A. Sodium carbonate

To convert an alkaloid salt into a free base, the following should be added:
A. Sodium carbonate
C. Petroleum ether
B. Tartaric acid solution
D. None the choices

D. Vasoconstrictor

Cocaine has a long duration of local anesthetic action because it is a:
A. Bronchoconstrictor
C. Vasodilator
B. Bronchodilator
D. Vasoconstrictor

A. Convert alkaloidal salts into free base

The plant material is treated with ammonium hydroxide in order to:
A. Convert alkaloidal salts into free base
B. Convert free bases into alkaloidal salts
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above

B. Arecoline

The most active alkaloids in betel nut:
A. Arecaidine
B. Arecoline
C. Nicotine
D. Sparteine

C. Tertiary

Which of the following is the usual type of alkaloid?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary

D. Coca

All these drugs contain caffeine, except:
A. Coffee
B. Cola
C. Tea
D. Coca

C. Xanthine alkaloids

Caffeine belongs to this class of alkaloids:
A. Cinchona alkaloids
B. Ergot alkaloids
C. Xanthine alkaloids
D. Vinca alkaloids

B. Nitrogen

The element responsible for the basic pharmacological properties of alkaloids:
A. Sulfur
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Phosphorus

A. Caffeine

1, 3, 7-trimethyl xanthine is the chemical name of:
A. Caffeine
B. Theophylline
C. Theobromine
D. Thebaine

D. Morphine

Codeine which is used as an analgesic and depressant to the cough reflex is a derivative of:
A. Benzoic acid
B. Cocaine
C. Salicylic acid

D. Reserpine

Which of the following is an anti-hypertensive and psychotherapeutic alkaloid:
A. Physostigmine
B. Quinine
C. Papaverine
D. Reserpine

D. Caffeine

An alkaloid which does not react with or form precipitate with alkaloidal reagent is:
A. Hyoscyamine
B. Quinine
C. Atropine
D. Caffeine

D. LSD

The hallucinogen derived from ergot:
A. THC
B. ETO
C. EDTA
D. LSD

A. Glycyrrhiza

A drug which disguises the bitter taste of quinine by paralyzing the taste buds is:
A. Glycyrrhiza
B. Yerba soldado
C. Buchu
D. Yerba santa

C. Ergotamine

The alkaloid obtained from ergot which is used to relieve or treat migraine is:
A. Ergometrine
B. Vinblastine
C. Ergotamine
D. Solanine

A. Claviceps purpurea

The organism used in the parasitic method of producing Ergot alkaloids:
A. Claviceps purpurea
B. Claviceps paspali
C. A & B
D. None of these

D. All of the choices

Plant sources of purine bases alkaloids:
A. Kola
B. Tea
C. Cacao
D. All of the choices

D. Senna (laxative)

Plant sources of tropane alkaloids, except:
A. Belladonna
B. Stramonium
C. Hyoscyamus
D. Senna

D. Wagner's reagent

The alkaloid reagent composed of Iodine, in potassium iodine solution is known as:
A. Hager's reagent
B. Mayer's reagent
C. Dragendorff's reagent
D. Wagner's reagent

D. None of the choices

Most of the alkaloids are crystalline solid and which of the ff. is not a liquid alkaloids:
A. Conine
B. Nicotine
C. Sparteine
D. None of the choices

B. Quinine

The alkaloid which continues to bed the drug of choice against malaria:
A. Cincholine
B. Quinine
C. Papaverine
D. Argonovine

C. Codeine

This is the most widely used opium alkaloid which are narcotic analgesics and anti-tussives and are used as sedatives, especially in allaying coughs:
A. Morphine
B. Papaverine
C. Codeine
D. Heroine
E. None of the choices

B. Caffeine

The following alkaloid are present in Datura metel, except:
A. Atropine
B. Caffeine
C. Hyoscyamine
D. Scopolamine

A. Physostigmine

The alkaloid found in calabar bean:
A. Physostigmine
B. Cocaine
C. Cochicines
D. Emetine

B. Purine

Most of the alkaloids are optically active but not those belong to this group:
A. Indole
B. Purine
C. Pyridine
D. Tropane

A. Caffeine

An alkaloid which does not react with or precipitate with alkaloidal reagent is:
A. Caffeine
B. Quinine
C. Hyoscyamine
D. Emetine

A. Takip-kuhol

Gotu Kola obtained from the leaves and stems of Centella asiatica used as diuretic, blood purifier, treats leprosy, body strengthener and revitalize is locally known as:
A. Takip-kuhol
B. Sulasi
C. Lagundi
D. Mahogany

A. Million's reagent (constituents: soluble proteins)

The following are alkaloidal reagents, except:
A. Million's reagent
B. Mayer's reagent
C. Dragendorff's reagent
D. Wagner's reagent

D. Glaucoma

Pilocarpine, an imidazole alkaloid is employed for the treatment of:
A. Bronchial asthma
B. Hypertension
C. Motion sickness
D. Glaucoma

D. Strychnine

A CNS stimulant obtained from Nux vomica:
A. Venleurosine
B. Ergotoxine
C. Brucine
D. Strychnine

A. Sparteine

Alkaloid obtained from Sarothammus scorparius which was formerly used for cardiac arrythmias:
A. Sparteine
B. Coniine
C. Thebaine
D. Levuline

C. Indole alkaloids

Strychnine and brucine belong to:
A. Ergot alkaloids
B. Isoquinoline alkaloids
C. Indole alkaloids
D. Cinchona alkaloids

B. Proto alkaloids

Type of alkaloid that does not have heterocyclic ring with nitrogen but derived from amino acids:
A. True alkaloids
B. Proto alkaloids
C. Pseudo alkaloids
D. Any of the choices

D. Serturner

Isolated morphine in 1804:
A. Ehrlich
B. Coventeau
C. Plank
D. Serturner

A. Nicotine

Which of the ff. alkaloids has heterocyclic ring with nitrogen and derived from amino acids:
A. Nicotine
B. Colchicine
C. Caffeine
D. Theophylline

C. Conium

This plant contains Coniine and also called poison hemlock:
A. Pomegranate
B. Tobacco
C. Conium
D. Belladona

A. Datura metel L.

Talumpunay is scientifically known as:
A. Datura metel L.
B. Datura alba L.
C. Datura nigra Blanco
D. Datura sophora Mill.

C. Alkaloidal salts are soluble in organic solvents

The following statement about alkaloids are true, except:
A. They contain nitrogen usually in heterocyclic ring
B. Most of them are physiologically active even in small amounts
C. Alkaloidal salts are soluble in organic solvents
D. They are precipitated by Mayer's reagent, Wagner's reagent & Valser's reagent

C. Opium alkaloids

The \_ group of alkaloids are derived from Papaver somniferum (Fam. Papaveraceae):
A. Cinchona alkaloids
B. Ergot alkaloids
C. Opium alkaloids
D. Vinca alkaloids

C. Quinoline alkaloids

The genus Cinchona (Fam. Rubiaceae) produce the \_ group of alkaloids:
A. Piperidine alkaloids
B. Pyridine alkaloids
C. Quinoline alkaloids
D. Tropane alkaloids

D. Mydriatic effect

The most characteristic physiological property of alkaloids from family Solanaceae is their:
A. Analgesic effect
C. Miotic effect
B. Antri-inflammatory effect
D. Mydriatic effect

D. Ergonovine maleate

Constituent of Claviceps purpurea employed as a uterine muscle relaxant:
A. Pilocarpine
B. Ergotoxine
C. Ergotamine tartarate
D. Ergonovine maleate

C. Hyoscyamine

An alkaloid used to reduce rigidly and tremors for those suffering from Parkinson's disease:
A. Atropine
B. Hyoscine
C. Hyoscyamine
D. Scopolamine

B. Belladonna leaf

An alkaloidal plant that could be used in the eyes causing dilation of the pupil of the eye giving a striking appearance:
A. Nicotiana leaf
B. Belladonna leaf
C. Coca leaf
D. Arrow root

D. Tyrosine

Which of the following amino acids is the least used as precursor in the biosynthesis of alkaloid?
A. Phenylalanine
B. Adenine
C. Ornithine
D. Tyrosine

C. L-tryptophan

\_ is the amino acid precursor of indole alkaloids via anthranilic acid:
A. L-histidine
B. L-lysine
C. L-tryptophan
D. L-tyrosine

B. Oxytocin

It is a uterine stimulating fraction and it is relatively free from action on other smooth muscle:
A. Liotrix
B. Oxytocin
C. Sodium dextrothyroxine
D. Vasopressin

C. Prostaglandins

Class of natural products with potent and diverse biological activities involved in platelet aggregation, pain and inflammation:
A. Enzyme
B. Hormones
C. Prostaglandins
D. Tubocurarine

A. It is produced by the β-cells

The following statements pertain to glucagon, except:
A. It is produced by the β-cells
B. Exert counterbalancing action on carbohydrate metabolism in the body
C. Elicits a hyperglycemic response in the body
D. It is formed by a α-cells

D. Increased tolerance to heat but intolerance to cold

The following conditions characterize thyroid hyperactivity, except:
A. Muscle weakness with tremor
C. Increase in heart rate and blood pressure
B. Loss of body weight and fat
D. Increased tolerance to heat but intolerance to cold

A. Vasopressin

This hormone regulates the threshold for resorption of water by the epithelium of renal tubules and has an anti-diuretic principle:
A. Vasopressin
B. Oxytocin
C. Adrenocorticotropin
D. Chorionic gonadotropin

D. Chorionic gonadotropin

This is a gonad-stimulating polypeptide hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant women:
A. Vasopressin
B. Oxytocin
C. Adrenocorticotropin
D. Chorionic gonadotropin

C. III only

Dopamine is:
I. 4, 3-dihydroxyphenylethylamine
II. Acts directly to stimulate beta-2 receptors
III. Biosynthetic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine
IV. Used to treat patients with acute hypertension
A. II & III
B. I only
C. III only
D. Both I, III, & IV

B. Urogonadotropin

This is purified preparation of gonadotropins obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women:
A. Choriogonadotropin
B. Urogonadotropin
C. Somatropin
D. Gonadorelin

A. Calcitonin

This hormone is used in the treatment of Paget's disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis:
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Calcium
D. Cholecystokinin

A. Cyanocobalamin

Intrinsic factor of pernicious anemia:
A. Cyanocobalamin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Ferrous
D. All of the above

B. Panthothenate

Which of the following vitamins is a precursor of coenzyme A?
A. Cobamide
B. Panthothenate
C. Thiamine
D. Riboflavin

A. Riboflavin

Yeast is rich source of:
A. Riboflavin
B. Folic acid
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Thiamine

D. B & C

Free vitamin A does not occur in plants, but in its place are compounds that are converted into, vitamin A in the small animal body. These precursors of vitamin A are called:
A. Provitamin B
B. Neovitamin A
C. B-carotene
D. B & C

B. Vitamin D

Which vitamin is formed in the body by exposure to ultraviolet irradiation or sunlight?
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C

A. Carotene

A plant pigment of therapeutic importance in preventing xeropthalmia is:
A. Carotene
B. Xanthophylls
C. Fucoxanthine
D. Chlorophyll

B. Biotin

Also known as vitamin H which acts as a carboxyl-carrying cofactor in several carboxylase enzyme system:
A. Choline
B. Biotin
C. Yeast
D. PABA

B. Vitamin P

Rutin and hesperidin combination is also known as:
A. Vitamin F
B. Vitamin P
C. Vitamin H
D. Vitamin K

B. Niacin

This is a naturally occurring pyridine derivative the prevents pellagra:
A. Riboflavin
B. Niacin
C. Pyridoxine
D. Mendione

B. Known as provitamin D2

Ergosterol is:
A. Principal sterol in soybeans
B. Known as provitamin D2
C. Widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom
D. One of the chief constituents of lanolin

B. Bromelain

A mixture of protein-digesting and milk clotting enzymes obtained from the juice of the pineapple plant:
A. Chemotrypsin
B. Bromelain
C. Lactase
D. Sotilains

C. A & B

A muccopolysaccharide obtained from saliva which is active against Gram (+) bacteria, by transforming the insoluble polysaccharides:
A. Muramidase
B. Lysozyme
C. A & B
D. None of the choices

A. Holoenzmyes

Which of the following terms best describes a cofactor that is firmly bound to an apoenzyme:
A. Holoenzmyes
B. Nucleosides
C. Monosaccharides
D. Heteropolysaccharides