Protestant Reformation

Who was Martin Luther and what was his role in the Reformation?

Who was Martin Luther and what was his role in the Reformation?

Martin Luther was a German monk who became a doctor of theology in 1512. Concerned with corruption in the Catholic Church

What were Martin Luther's key concerns with the Catholic Church?

Luther disapproved of indulgences and the corruption in the Church which led him to publish the 95 Theses.

What happened to Martin Luther after he was excommunicated?

He was declared an outlaw and heretic at the Diet of Worms in 1521 but went into hiding at Wartburg Castle with the help of a noble protector.

What major work did Martin Luther complete in 1534?

He published a complete translation of the Bible into German.

Who was John Calvin

and what was his role in the Reformation?

What was John Calvin’s major publication in 1536?

Institutes of the Christian Religion which laid out Protestant principles including predestination

What were the 5 Solas of the Reformation

Sola Gratia (by grace alone) Sola Fide (by faith alone) Sola Scriptura (by scripture alone) Solus Christus (by Christ alone) Soli Deo Gloria (glory only to God).

What were the main beliefs of the Puritans during the English Reformation?

Puritans believed the Church of England retained too much Catholic liturgy and ritual. They emphasized reform theology and personal piety.

What role did the Puritans play in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

The Puritans settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishing a structured government with strong religious overtones and aimed to create a “city set upon a hill.”

How did the Massachusetts Bay Colony resist royal authority?

In the 1660s under Charles II the Puritans strongly resisted royal rule

How did the Puritans emphasize community and government involvement?

Puritan communities were formed with land grants and emphasized literacy with town governments that involved all male property owners in decision-making

How did John Winthrop influence the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

As governor John Winthrop encouraged compromise and maintained a balance of power between town governments and the General Court.