Avian Viral Diseases of Poultry

80 fill-in-the-blank flashcards summarizing key facts, etiologies, lesions, transmission, and diagnostics of major avian viral diseases discussed in the lecture.

Newcastle disease virus belongs to the family __.

Paramyxoviridae

Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus type __.

1

Newcastle disease virus is an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense __ RNA virus.

single-stranded

The highly pathogenic form of Newcastle disease with hemorrhagic intestinal lesions is called __ ND.

viscerotropic velogenic

Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease generally produce __ clinical signs.

mild (subclinical)

Pinpoint hemorrhages on the tips of the proventricular glands are highly suggestive of __.

Newcastle disease

The average incubation period of Newcastle disease is __ days.

5–6

Mesogenic Newcastle disease is also known as __ form.

Beaudette’s

Newcastle disease virus shows marked predilection for __ tissues leading to hemorrhages.

vascular/lymphoid

Gumboro disease is another name for __.

Infectious bursal disease

The organ specifically targeted in IBD is the __ of Fabricius.

bursa

Chicks infected with IBD virus before 3 weeks may suffer permanent __.

immunosuppression

The etiologic agent of IBD belongs to the family __.

Birnaviridae

IBD virus can survive up to __ days in poultry houses.

120

In acute IBD the bursa may be swollen to __ the normal size.

double

Infectious bronchitis virus belongs to the family __.

Coronaviridae

The incubation period of infectious bronchitis is __ days.

1–2

Infectious bronchitis in layers can drop egg production by up to __ %.

50

Nephropathogenic IBV strains can cause fatal secondary __ in chicks.

urolithiasis

IBV produces characteristic stunting and __ of embryos in SPF eggs.

curling

Infectious laryngotracheitis is caused by Gallid __ herpesvirus 1.

alphaherpesvirus

The most consistent lesions of ILT are found in the __ and larynx.

trachea

Occlusion of the trachea in severe ILT can raise mortality to __ %.

50

Latently infected but clinically normal birds can still shed __ virus.

ILT

The cutaneous form of fowl pox produces proliferative lesions on __ parts of the body.

non-feathered

The diphtheritic form of fowl pox affects mucous membranes of the upper __ tract.

gastro-intestinal and respiratory

The characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in fowl pox are called __ bodies.

Bollinger

Mechanical transmission of fowl pox often involves __.

mosquitoes

Highly pathogenic avian influenza is most often associated with subtypes H and H.

5 and 7

The major reservoir hosts of influenza A viruses are __ birds.

waterfowl/shore

Mutation of LPAI H5/H7 viruses can result in __ avian influenza.

highly pathogenic (HPAI)

Mortality in chickens with HPAI can reach almost __ %.

100

Avian encephalomyelitis is also called epidemic __.

tremors

Vertical transmission of AE virus occurs from infected __ to eggs.

hens

Fine muscle tremors of the __ and neck are classic signs of AE.

head

Avian encephalomyelitis virus belongs to the family __.

Picornaviridae

Inclusion body hepatitis is primarily caused by fowl adenovirus serotype __.

4 (also 8)

Hydropericardium syndrome is characterized by clear fluid accumulation in the __.

pericardial sac

Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes are indicative of __.

inclusion body hepatitis

Mortality in hydropericardium syndrome may reach __ %.

80

The abbreviation EDS-76 stands for __.

Egg drop syndrome

EDS causes production of __-shelled or shell-less eggs.

soft

Major lesions of EDS are found in the pouch shell __ and oviduct.

gland

Marek’s disease virus matures in the __ follicle epithelium.

feather

Neoplasms in Marek’s disease are predominantly __-cell lymphomas.

T

Classical Marek’s disease often shows asymmetric paralysis due to enlargement of the __ plexus.

sciatic (or brachial)

Loss of iris pigmentation producing ‘grey eye’ is the __ form of Marek’s disease.

ocular

Vaccination against Marek’s disease commonly uses the __ turkey herpesvirus.

HVT (herpesvirus of turkeys)

Lymphoid leukosis tumors arise mainly from __ lymphocytes.

B

The primary organ of tumor origin in lymphoid leukosis is the __.

bursa of Fabricius

Lymphoid leukosis is most commonly associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup __.

A

Unlike Marek’s disease, enlargement of peripheral __ is absent in lymphoid leukosis.

nerves

Runting disease syndrome with bursal and thymic atrophy is linked to __ virus infection.

reticuloendotheliosis

Acute reticuloendotheliosis involves proliferation of primitive __ cells.

reticuloendothelial

Chicken infectious anemia virus belongs to the family __.

Circoviridae

Aplastic anemia in CIA results from destruction of hemocytoblasts in the __.

bone marrow

Neutralizing antibodies to CIA virus usually appear by __ days of age.

21

Vertical transmission of CIA is most severe when breeder hens are antibody __.

negative

Avian nephritis virus is classified within the family __.

Astroviridae

Visceral __ deposits are the cardinal necropsy finding in avian nephritis.

urate

Viral arthritis chiefly affects the __ joint in broilers.

hock

Rupture of the __ tendon can occur in severe reovirus arthritis.

gastrocnemius

Avian reoviruses may persist in infected birds for at least __ days.

289

Runting-stunting syndrome is frequently associated with avian __ viruses.

reoviruses (and others)

A typical lesion in stunting syndrome is an enlarged __ with a small gizzard.

proventriculus

In Marek’s disease the neoplastic cells are of the __ lineage, whereas in lymphoid leukosis they are B-lymphocytes.

T-lymphocyte

RT-PCR is widely used to detect viral __ in poultry diseases.

nucleic acid

ELISA and HI tests are used to detect specific __ in serum.

antibodies

The incubation period of ILT ranges from 6 to __ days.

12

Fowl pox has an incubation period of __ to 10 days.

4

Swollen kidneys with white urate deposits are common in __ virus nephropathogenic IB.

infectious bronchitis

The ‘Morocco leather’ appearance of the liver is characteristic of __ leukosis.

myeloid

The “athlete posture” (one leg forward, one backward) is typical of __ disease.

Marek’s

Pneumoencephalitis is a feature that gives Newcastle disease the alternative name avian __.

pneumoencephalitis

In ILT, blood __ molded in the shape of the trachea may be found.

casts

Greyish-yellow enlargement of peripheral nerves is pathognomonic for __ disease.

Marek’s

The viscerotropic velogenic form of Newcastle disease is also called __ form.

Doyle’s

IBD virus can survive in contaminated feed and water for up to __ days.

50