Unit 3 Ap Human Geo Review

For Mr. Oswalt's class

acculturation

adopting some of the traits of a more dominant culture; such as learning the language but maintaining their traditional religion.

architecture

the style of human buildings that reflect human culture; indigenous, traditional, modern, post modern

assimilation

adopting all of the traits of a more dominant culture; most migrant fully assimilate by the 3rd generation.

Buddihsm

universalizing, east and southeast Asia, hearth of India; 4 nobles truths, Mayahanna and Thervada

centrifugal force

push factors, wars and natural disasters

centripetal force

pull factors; nice weather, good economic system, stable gov

Christianity

universalizing has the largest global spatial pattern and the most adherents due to colonialism, hearth is in Jerusalem Israel, 2 billion people identify as christian

colonialism

western Europeans spreading culture, languages, and economic systems claiming and conquering other lands outside of Europe

contagious diffusion

things that spread from one person to another

creolization

blending of languages usually occurs due to isolation or cultural hearths

cultural convergence

cultures merging; due to interconnectedness of globalization the cultures of the world are all sharing traits from other cultures

cultural divergence

cultures becoming more different; this usually occurs due to isolation or cultural barriers such as religion or language

cultural hearth

where cultural trait begins; most of the original agricultural hearths are considered the historical cultural hearths. In contemporary world, world cities are usually cultural hearths

cultural landscape

how humans impact the earths surface also called the built landscape; not just architecture, but agricultural and industrial landscapes, linguistic and religious and technological

cultural relativism

analyzing a culture without judgement; trying to find cause of behaviors

culture

shared beliefs, behaviors, and technologies of people; material and non material; local (folk) or global (popular)

culture trait

one specific act of people; language; shaking hands, holding doors. all traits of a culture make up what is called a culture complex

religious denomination

a subcategory of a religion. christianity has 50k denominations due to stimulus global diffusion of christianity

diaspora

the forced removal of people form their homeland; such as the African Diaspora during the Atlantic slave trade

ethnicity

people with a shared homeland, culture and a shared history of events

ethnic enclave

a region in a country that contains a minority ethnic group who all live together; Gaza in Israel is and ethnic enclave

ethnic neighborhood

minority ethnic group surrounded by a majority ethnic groups, usually voluntary

ethnic religion

a religion with a concentrated spatial pattern usually near the hearth

ethnocentric

judging other cultures to your own; most people in the western world judge people based on western values

expansion diffusion

spreading outward from a hearth; three types. contagious, stimulus, and hierarchical

gender roles

the expected roles of a gender; they are more traditional in local cultures where women are expected to stay home and raise children

globalization

the interconectedness of all places and people; began with the Columbia exchange but continues to increase due to technology such as the internet

hierarchical diffusion

strait or ideas moves though nodes of power, such as when people in India learned english from their british colonizers

Hinduism

ethnic religion, mostly in India, hearth in the Ganges Valley, India has a very concentrated or clustered spatial pattern. 90% of Hindus live in India

imperialism

European control of Asia and Africa

indigenous community

a region of an area where the original people reside

Indo-European Language family

5k years ago diffused across Eurasia with domestication of horses (Kurgan Hearth Theory) or seed Agriculture (Anatolian hearth theory0 the ancestor of most the languagesof Europe and South Asia. romance languages, Russian, Hinidi and Bengali

Islam

Universalizing, middle east, Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, hearth is Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Kaaba is the holiest site and the world's most famous and most taken pilgrimage is the Hajj to Mecca. It is also the reason for the widespread diffusion of Arabic.

Judaism

Ethnic religion Jerusalem, Israel Western Wall about 7 million Jews live in Israel about 2 million in Europe and about a million live in the US due to Jewish Diaspora

language dialect

this is a regional variation of a language. such as US southern. Thsi is an example of stimulus diffusion and something moves farther from the hearth (England) it will change due to environmental stimuli

language family

ancestor of modern languages from 5k years ago; sino Tibetean is the language family of mandarin chinese

large scale process

these are events affect a whole country or the whole world, e.g covid

lingua franca

a bridge language between two different languages; English is the world lingua franca, but different regions have their own lingua franca such as Arabic is the lingua franca of northern africa and teh middle east .

language

linguistic. yes its that simple

linguistic landscape

language on the landscape reflects the importance of language in multilingual countries

multiculturism

the acceptance and promotion of multiple cultures; these would be in societies that celebrate the uniqueness of the cultures of the community. Canada was one of the first Western countries toe enact multiculturalism policies into law

pilgrimage

a trip to a religious Holy site, e.g. the Haji to Mecca, Suadia Arabia

sikhism

Universalizing, small spatial extent, Punjab, India, Golden Temple is the holiest site. It is considered a Universalizing religion because it appeals to all ethnicities; however the spatial pattern is limited because they do not recruit new members. Sikhs are also a nation that want their own state.

small scale process

events that happen as it oves across time and space; e.g. decentralization of city governments through the development of edge cities

stimulus diffusion

a trait evolves as it moves across time and space e.g. Christianity has 1k denominations becasue it has diffused globaly and evolved as it diffused

syncretism

blending of religions or religious practices; the image below is a blending of Roman Catholic Christianity with local religous traditions

time space convergance

the merging of cultures due to technology. Cultures share traits from all over the world

toponym

placename; reflects the culture and history of the people. e.g. baton rouge reflects our french heritage

working age population

people 15-64 in a population; the working-age population in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising, so this will determine factory location.

traditional architecture

local building materials

universalizing religions

large spatial pattern, appeals to all ethnicities. Christianity , Islam, and buddhism

urbanization

the development and growth of cities