Ch. 5 - The Integumentary System.pdf
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19 Terms
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Integumentary system
The largest system of the body, comprising skin and accessory structures, accounting for 16% of body weight.
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Cutaneous membrane
The skin, which has two major parts: the outer epidermis and the inner dermis.
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Epidermis
The outer layer of skin made of stratified squamous epithelium that is avascular.
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Dermis
The layer beneath the epidermis consisting of connective tissues, containing blood vessels, nerve fibers, and accessory structures.
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Keratinocytes
The most abundant cells in the epidermis, which produce keratin.
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Melanocytes
Cells that produce melanin, a pigment that protects the skin from UV radiation.
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Stratum basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs and contains basal cells and melanocytes.
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Sebaceous gland
Oil glands in the skin that secrete sebum to lubricate hair and skin.
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Eccrine sweat glands
Glands that produce a watery secretion for thermoregulation and excretion.
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Apocrine sweat glands
Glands that secrete a more viscous, milky fluid into hair follicles, often associated with odor.
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Vitamin D3
A vitamin produced in the skin under UV light, essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphate.
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Hair follicle
A皮structure in the dermis that produces hair and surrounds the hair root.
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Nail root
The part of the nail that is embedded in the skin; the site of nail growth.
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Skin color
Determined by the presence of pigments like melanin and carotene, and influenced by blood flow.
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Scarring phase
The final stage of skin repair where scar tissue forms after an injury.
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Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
The layer of loose connective tissue below the dermis, containing fat and larger blood vessels.
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Apocrine secretion
A type of glandular secretion where parts of the cell are shed along with the product.
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Insensible perspiration
Water loss through the skin that cannot be seen or felt, typically around 500 mL per day.
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Hair growth cycle
The cyclic process consisting of anagen (growth), catagen (transitional), and telogen (resting) phases.
