Diversity Midterm

Prejudice

A cognitive component- irrationally based beliefs about a target group; (b) an affective component- feelings of dislike; and (c) an orienting function- behavior that avoids or harms the target group.

Race

Social grouping based on observable physical characteristics that distinguish a group of people, such as skin color or eye shape.

Social bias

How people, institutions, policies, and laws favor or disadvantage a social group.

Caucasian

The Naturalization Act of 1760 established that these people could become citizens of the US.

The Immigration Act of 1924

Which of the following immigration acts used quotas for determining which groups of people could immigrate to the US.

Title IX allows

Equal education opportunities for women.

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the U.S provides

Due process and equal protection of the laws without regard to race.

Need for closure

Like to adhere to rules - clear conclusions, more supportive of violent extremism in defense of their own group, tendency to use cognitive shortcuts and limit the information that they collect in order to make decisions quickly, and relying heavily on stereotypes when thinking about groups.

Five-factor model

Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism are all examples of.

Social ideologies

Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, Colorblind, Meritocracy, Pluralism, and Multiculturalism are all examples of.

Cognitive dissonance related to the cognitive dissonance theory

That tension and uncertainty with something that challenges your mental models. We are motivated to rid ourselves of the tension and uncertainty.

Social cognition

The process by which people come to understand others. Because of the importance of connecting to other people, understand others, recognize their intentions or motives, and have an idea of how others view and evaluate you.

Attribution processes

The following concepts- dispositional attribute is based on one's personality; situational attribute is based on the context and the environmental factors; fundamental attribution error; ultimate attribution error.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A concept that means our expectations become reality as a result of our own actions and behaviors. If we believe an anonymous person will be pleasant, we are more likely to be pleasant to them.

Explicit bias

A bias that is intentional, consciously expressed, out in the open.

Amygdala

This part of the brain is responsible for fight or flight as well as distinguishes environmental cues as novelty or threat.

Implicit bias

This bias is automatically activated, frequently without intention, without awareness, and represents older attitudes and stereotypes.

Fusiform areas

This part of the brain is responsible for distinguishing between a face and arm and arm and a house.

FALSE

It is not possible for humans to change the way they think and react.

Social identity

Those characteristics that you share with others with whom you have important things in common. Common referents for social identity include race, ethnicity, nationality, status.

Stigmitization

Individuals are differentiated and labeled, culturally derived negative attributes are used to describe these.

Social identity threat

Occurs when a person perceives that the stigmatizing processes are associated with historical legacies of discrimination, prejudice, and stereotyping may be contingent on their social identity. If anticipated, these disrupt behavior and lead to apprehension and anxiety that undermine psychological well-being.

Microaggression

Verbal and nonverbal interpersonal exchanges in which a perpetrator causes harm to a target, whether intended or unintended.

Time, Rhythm, Improvisation, Orality, and Spirituality

The psychological, behavioral, and cultural capitalism that Africans brought with them to America consisted of characteristics that are useful for coping and adapting to environments and situations that may be threatening, uncertain, and dangerous is a part of TRIOS, TRIOS is an acronym for

Disengagement

Discounting, when you assume that a negative judgment or outcome is biased and not to be taken seriously; and devaluing, when you reject the ability of negative outcomes in threatening domains to affect your self-worth are two forms of.

Coping

This is a person's conscious and intentional efforts to regulate their behavior, emotion, thoughts or alter the environment in response to stressful events or circumstances. It is based on your appraisal of the situation, coping behaviors are activated to alleviate the stress.

Enculturalization

This describes the way in which people learn about their own culture.

Acculturation

This describes the way in which people learn about a new culture, one other than their own.

Forms of affirmation

The following objectives are forms of: The threats posed by these engines of social bias must be confronted and minimized; Particularly effective for members of marginalized or stigmatized groups who feel devalued.

Engagement

Seeking support and understanding from others who share your circumstances or engaging with allies is coping in the form of.

Transgender

Mentally different than the gender at birth.

Misgendering

This refers to using gender pronouns inconsistent with a person's gender identity.

Ally

Someone who may be able to empathize with your situations because they have not experienced it.

Diversity

Cognitive, identity, demographic, and preference are types of.

Gestalt

What word is used to describe 'greater than the sum of its parts' or 'whole psychology'.

Salient

What word means that which is brought to the front, that is which is at the forefront of our perception.

Schadenfreude

What word in a competitive situation translates to essentially 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend'.

Cerebral cortex

This part of the brain is responsible for slower thinking, long-term memories, and the holding place for older attitudes and stereotypes.

Anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula

This part of the brain is responsible for empathy.

Prefrontal cortex

This part of the brain is responsible for impulse control and was developed in humans because of their social nature.

Hippocampus

This part of the brain is responsible for short-term memory.

System justification

This concept has obvious advantages for members of high-status or dominant groups.

Meritocracy

This is a core belief that if you work harder, if you are smarter, you should have more success.

Theory of mind

The ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of others decisions describes which of the following.

This is conscious and intentional. This is the system that we are all well aware of in our experience. We recruit it when we encounter new challenges that we want to master.

Fast-learning systems

This bias is most often relied upon when the thinker/reactor is fatigued or tired

Implicit bias

Microaggressions are not harmful to the affected people who have to endure them

False

As discussed in the book, this form of identity is one way that humans adapt to marginalization and stigma

Social identity

Stereotype threat and stigma are both examples of what kind of threat

Social identity threat