AP Bio Unit 3(Chapter 7+8)

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

To form a proton gradient across mitochondrial membrane, high concentration in inside, low in matrix

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytoplasm

Where does the citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle occur?

In the mitochondrial matrix (middle of mitoch.- cats nap in middle of the floor)

Where does the ETC occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

Where does light reactions occur?

In the thylakoid

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

In the stroma

Where does the ATP synthase occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane(CR) or thylakoid membrane(P)

Is NAD+ oxidized or reduced form? Which agent? Is it high or low energy?

Oxidized form, reducing agent, low energy

Is NADH oxidized or reduced form? Which agent? Is it high or low energy

Reduced form, oxidizing agent, high energy

What are the first 5 stages of glycolysis called?

Energy investment stage

What are the last 5 stages of glycolysis called?

Energy payoff stage

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 H20, 2NADH

What are the products of the citric acid/Krebs cycle?

2 ATP, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 6 NADH (AFCN- a friendly cat naps)

What are the 2 parts/systems of oxidative phosphorylation?

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

How does the ETC work?

Electrons get passed from protein complex to protein complex which release energy that pumps hydrogen ions into intermembrane space to keep a concentration gradient

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Oxygen

How do hydrogen ions get back into the mitochondrial matrix after the ETC just pumped them out?

Through ATP synthase, the wind turbine, that also creates ATP as a result

What is chemiosmosis?

The movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane via ATP synthase

What is the order of alcohol fermentation?

Glucose(glycolysis), pyruvate, acetaldehyde, ethanol

What is the order of lactic acid fermentation?

Glucose(glycolysis), pyruvate, lactic acid

What are the 2 parts/steps of photosynthesis?

Light reactions and the Calvin cycle

What is the primary electron acceptor on photosystem 2?

P680

What is the primary electron acceptor on photosystem 1?

P700

What is the main job for photosystem 1?

Make NADPH

What is the main job for photosystem 2?

Create a hydrogen ion gradient

What is the source of electrons in light reactions?

Water(H2O)

What are the inputs for the Calvin cycle?

3 CO2, 6 NADPH, 9 ATP

What does the Calvin cycle make?

G3P(a sugar)

What is rubisco?

Enzyme that is responsible for carbon fixation stage