BIO FINAL 7-9

Steps of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis (cytoplasm) produces 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATPs, 2 NADH, 2 H2O, pyruvate oxidation (mitochondrial matrix) CO2, NADH, acetyl CoA, the citric acid cycle/krebs cycle(mitochondria) 3 NADH molecules, 1 FADH2 molecule, 2 carbon, 1 ATP & oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria) ATP

Oxidation

Gain of oxygen

Reduction

Loss of oxygen

Mechanisms of Chemiosmosis

Involves a complex of transmembrane proteins, including a proton channel and the enzyme ATP synthase, that couples proton diffusion to ATP synthesis

Carbon Entering Leaves Plants

Moves in and out of leaves through openings called stroma

Relationship Between Photosynthesis & Cellular Relationship

Photo converts CO2 & H2O—> Oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is by product. Cellular Res converts oxygen & glucose —> H2O & CO2

Steps of Photosynthesis

Absorption of light (chloroplast) ATP&NADPH, transfer of electrons (between 2 photosystems I & II) ATP & NADPH, Production of ATP (chloroplast stroma) ADP & Phosphate, carbon fixation (stroma of chloroplast) 2 molecules

C3

Photosynthesis produces a 3-carbon compound via calvin cycle.

CAM

Plants use this photosynthesis gather sunlight during the day and fix carbon dioxide molecules at night

Components of Photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide, Water & Sunlight

Chlorophyll

Job in a plant is to absorb light. Transferred to 2 kinds of energy-storing molecules

Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase

Cancer Cells

Cells do not follow the cycle. Instead of dying, they multiply and continue to reproduce other abnormal cells

Chemotherapy

Kills cells that are in the process of splitting into 2 new cells

Cleavage Furrow

Formation by a ring actin microfilaments called the contractile ring. Which forms during early anaphase

Chromatin

A complete macromolecule composed of DNA, RNA & protein, which is found in a nucleus of EUK cells

Mitosis

Produces 2 identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

Meiosis

Produces cells genetically unique from parent cell & contain only half DNA

Autotrophs

Known as producers, able to make their own food from raw materials & energy. EX. Plants, fungi, & some bacteria

Heterotrophs

Known as consumers because they consume producers/other consumers. EX. Dogs, birds, fish & humans

Photosynthesis is a _________ process

Anabolic

Cellular Respiration is a ___________ process

Catabolic