US History Information: Midterm

Transcontinental Railroad

a mile line track constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the Pacific and the existing Eastern US railroad network

Melting Pot

a bunch of people from different ethnicities mixing together in America losing their native culture

Nativism

pro American and anti immigration feelings and groups that rose during the time of high immigration

Chinese exclusion act

a law passed in 1882 banning entry into American from China.

Ellis Island

the processing center into the US sitting outside of New York City

Urbanization

the growth of cities during the Gilded Age

Tenements

Poorly made apartments to house immigrants and slaves

Vertical integration

buying all of the resources and companies related to your industry to keep costs very low

horizontal integration

monopoly formed by buying up all of your competitors companies to eliminate competition

Robber Barron

Nickname given to the captain of industry who formed monopolies and became among the richest men who ever lived

Laissez faire

a hands off government policy toward the economy which allowed business to unrestrained

Social Darwinism

Theory that individuals, groups and people are subject to the same Darwin laws of natural selection

muckraker

a person who searches for and tries to expose real or alleged corruption

square deal

a nick name for Roosevelts agenda as president

suffrage

public rights for women

Sherman Anti Trust Act

breaking up monopolies

a monopoly

what is a trust

dollar diplomacy

President William Howard Taft’s policy of investing in Latin America

big stick diplomacy

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roosevelt corollary

Roosevelts policy of using military forces

moral diplomacy

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new freedom

open door policy

a policy created by John Hay to keep China open to trade

yellow journalism

the type of journalism that relies on sensationalism titles/headings

panama canal

a short canal between the atlantic and pacific oceans that is over 100 years old. this canal runs through panama

triple entent

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allied powers

france, uk, russia

triple alliances

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central powers

germany, austria Hungary, ottoman empire

propoganda

a message designed to make you think a certain way about things

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lusitania

passenger ship sunk by a German submarine

Zimmerman telegram

a secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the US

unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany using submarines to sink any ships

treaty of versailles

treaty that ends WW1 and puts all of the blame/punishments on Germany

14 points

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace

league of nations

a group of nations working together for world peace

great migration

prohibition

banning of achohol

speakeasy

secretly selling achohol illegally

flappers

young carefree women who rebeled against the traditional ways of acting. they wore short skirts, cut their hair short, and wore a lot of makeup

Harlem Renaissance

American Imperialsim

Andrew Carnegie

founded Carnegie steel

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dominated steel industry in Pittsburg

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wrote a book “Gospel of Wealth”

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was a great philanthropist

Cornelius Vandebilt

from New York

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dominated transportation industry

Booker T. Washington

social and education leader

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founded Tuskegee institute

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believed in the gradual approach towards equality through education known as the Atlanta Compromise

John D. Rockefeller

very rich

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dominated oil industry

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founded standard oil

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from Cleveland, Ohio

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used vertical and horizontal integration

Thomas Edison

invented light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera

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was from Menlo Park, New Jersey

W.E.B. Dubois

one of the NAACP founders

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believed in a more independent approach

to equality

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protested against lynching, racism, and Jim Crow laws

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wrote a book called “the souls of black folks”

J.P. Morgan

from Connecticut

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dominated finance and banking industry

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he purchased Carnegie Steel and turned it into the US

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he merged companies and made General Electric

Alexander Graham Bell

from Scotland

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invented the telephone

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founded AT&T

Ida B. Wells

born into slavery

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traveled across the south documenting African American lives

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studied and reported on lynching

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helped found NAACP

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supported civil rights and woman suffrage

Jane Addams

progressive social reformer and activist

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founder of Hull House in Chicago

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noble piece prize winner

Theodore Roosevelt

his “Big Stick” foreign policy was to threaten intervention

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The “Roosevelt Corollary” made the police of the Western Hemisphere

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trust buster of monopolies

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set aside land for parks

William H. Taft

his “Dollar Diplomacy” foreign policy was to invest in Latin America

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Not as progressive as Teddy Roosevelt had hoped

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Later chief justice of supreme court

Eugene V. Debs

socialist labor leader

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co founder of the industrial workers of the world

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5 time candidate for president by the socialist party

Upton Sinclair

wrote a book, “the jungle”

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exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry

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spurred the food and drug act

Ida Tarbell

exposed oil industry

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muckraker reporter

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investigated Rockefeller and Standard Oil

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wrote a 19 part magazine to expose standard oil

Susan B. Anthony

most famous supporter of woman’s suffrage and rights

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founded American equal rights

Woodrow Wilson

tried to keep the US out of World War 1

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his “New Freedom” called for domestic reforms

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moral diplomacy of only supporting nations with moral beliefs like the US’s

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he 14 points and league of nations sought world peace

Liliuokalani

last queen of Hawaii

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opposed US intervention and taking her country

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powerless to stop the wealthy American businessmen

Vittorio Orlando

Italian prime minister during the war

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one of the “Big Four” at the treaty of Versailles meetings

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inability to speak English hurt his negotiating at the peace conference

Ferdinand Franz

Heir to the throne of Austria Hungary

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Assassination in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand

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His assassination sparked the start of World War 1

Georges Clemenceau

French leader during the war

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One of the “Big Four” at the treaty of Versailles meetings

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Insisted on punishing Germany for it’s role in the war

Kaiser Wilhem II

last german emperor

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led a massive militaristic buildup before the war

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lax wartime leader

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Abdicated the throne in 1918 and fled to the Netherlands

Tsar Nicholas II

Tsar of Russia

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insisted on visiting the front while his country was in turmoil

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weak leader who was overthrown by Bolshevik Revolution

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killed along with his family

David Lloyd George

British prime minister during the war

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One of the “Big Four” at the treaty of Versailles meeting

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sought to remove the threat of Germany navy

John J. Pershing

Nicknamed “Black Jack”

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Insisted on leading US forces in Europe as opposed to a foreign general

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served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)on the Western front.

Babe Ruth

greatest baseball player in history

F. Scott Fitzgerald

an American short story writer

Lagston Hughes

american writer/poet

Charles Lindbergh

american aviator

Calvin Coolidge

30th president of the US

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Warren G. Harding

29th president of the US

Haymarket square riot

a bomb killed people and policemen and people started shooting at each other

Homestead Act

gives any American up to 160 acres of land in the west

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must improve the land and live there for 5 years

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signed into law by President Lincoln in May 1862

The Spanish American War

the US is fighting to defend Cuba because they want it as their territory

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the blow up of the USS Maine happened and this made the Americans MAD but Woodrow Wilson didn’t let them go into the war yet

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

banned the sale of alcohol

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote

Pullman Railway Strike

a strike against the Pullman factory

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this stopped work on the trans continental railroad for a day

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

a fire spread throughout a factory very rapidly and killed 146 workers

Russia’s Revolution

Vladamier Lenin leads the communist Bolshevik’s

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Over throw Czar

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Sign the treaty of Breast-Litovsk with Germany in 1918

Lusitania Sunk

Germany declares “unrestricted submarine warfare”

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Lusitania sunk by German U-boat in 1915

what is the German name for a submarine

u boat

Battle of Verdun

long deadly battle throughout 1916

Battle of Somme

over 1 million casualties from July to November of 1916

M.A.I.N Causes of World War 1

Militarism: new military technologies, arms race between countries, and glorification of war

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Alliances: agreements to aide each other if attacked, secret alliances, allies and central powers

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Imperialism: competition for colonies, many smaller wars over territory

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Nationalism: French-German border conflicts, ethnic nationalism in the Balkans

The Jazz Singer

1980 American Music Drama Film

The Trans-Atlantic Flight

the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean

Pure Food and Drug Act

came from muckrakers exposing unsanitary medicines and food (meat packing)

U.U.S. Maine

The US ship that blew up: was either a Mexican submarine that shot it or ammunition blew up in the bottom of the ship