DAT Biology Reproductive System

seminiferous tubules (testis)

Which part of the male reproductive system produces sperm cells?

interstitial cells (testis)

Which part of the male reproductive system produces and secretes male sex hormones?

epididymis

Which part of the male reproductive system promotes sperm cell maturation, stores sperm cells, and conveys sperm cells to the ductus deferens?

ductus deferens

Which part of the male reproductive system conveys sperm cells to the ejaculatory duct?

seminal vesicle

Which part of the male reproductive system secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins that helps regulate the pH of semen?

prostate gland

Which part of the male reproductive system secretes a slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm?

bulbourethral gland

Which part of the male reproductive system secretes fluid that lubricates the end of the penis?

scrotum

Which part of the male reproductive system encloses, protects, and regulates the temperature of the testes?

dartos

The scrotum contains the _____ muscle.

ovary

Which part of the female reproductive system produces oocytes and female sex hormones?

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Which part of the female reproductive system conveys the secondary oocyte toward the uterus, is the site of fertilization, and conveys the developing embryo to the uterus?

uterus

Which part of the female reproductive system protects and sustains the embryo during pregnancy?

labia majora

Which part of the female reproductive system encloses and protects other external reproductive organs?

labia minora

Which part of the female reproductive system forms the margin of the vestibule and protects the openings of the vagina and urethra?

clitoris

Which part of the female reproductive system produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in the glans?

vestibule

Which part of the female reproductive system is the space between the labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings?

vestibular gland

Which part of the female reproductive system secretes fluid that moistens and lubricates the vestibule?

mitosis

What process produces two genetically identical diploid cells?

meiosis

What process produces sperm and oocytes?

meiosis

What process produces four genetically unique daughter cells?

meiosis

Which process offers tremendous variety of genetically unique individuals?

zygote

What do you call a large, fertilized egg cell?

spermatogenesis

What do you call the combined processes of meiosis and spermiogenesis?

spermiogenesis

What is the process of the further development of spermatids into sperm?

rete testis

Sperm passes from the seminiferous tubules through the _____ in order to arrive at the epididymis.

acrosome, nucleus, DNA

Name the 3 things contained in the head of the sperm.

mitochondria, ATP, flagellum

The midpiece of the sperm contains many _____ which are used to make _____ and provide energy for the _____.

follicular

The corona radiata is a mantle of _____ cells.

corona radiata

Processes from the _____ supply nutrients to the oocyte.

glycoprotein

The zona pellucida is a layer of _____.

zona pellucida

What part of the ovum separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa cells?

sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells)

What do you call the cells of the seminiferous tubules that support and nourish the sperm-producing cells?

sustentacular cells

Which cells protect developing sperm from the immune system?

seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

List the 6-step pathway that sperm travel.

ovary follicle, fimbriae, uterine tube, uterus

List the 4-step pathway that an egg cell travels.

hypothalamus

GnRH is secreted by the _____.

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland)

Where does GnRH find its target cells?

Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone

GnRH triggers the release of which two hormones?

adenohypophysis

LH is secreted from the _____.

interstitial cells (testes)

Which are the target cells of LH?

luteinizing hormone

Which hormone promotes the development of the interstitial cells of the testes?

luteinizing, testosterone

In response to _____ hormone, the interstitial cells of the testes release the hormone _____.

interstitial

Testosterone is released from _____ cells.

adenohypophysis

FSH is secreted by the _____.

spermatogonia

The receptors for FSH are found on _____.

follicle-stimulating hormone

Which hormone stimulates the sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules to proliferate, grow, mature, and respond to testosterone?

follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone

Spermatogenesis is triggered by the presence of which two hormones?

inhibin

Sustentacular cells secrete the hormone _____ to stop sperm production by preventing the oversecretion of FSH.

ovary

In nonpregnant women, what is the primary source of estrogen?

estrogen

Which female hormone stimulates secondary sex characteristics?

progesterone

Which hormone promotes changes in the uterus during the reproductive cycle, affects the mammary glands, and helps regulate the secretion of gonadotropins from the adenohypophsis?

granulosa cells (ovary)

Which cells secrete estrogen?

follicle-stimulating hormone

An immense wave of which hormone will cause the follicle to burst open and release an oocyte?

hCGH

When an egg implants in the uterus, it releases the hormone _____, which tells the corpus luteum not to die until the placenta develops.

progesterone, placenta

The corpus luteum secretes the hormone _____ until the _____ develops and can take over production.

luteinizing, corpus luteum

Under the influence of the _____ hormone, the post-ovulation follicle forms the _____.

nitric oxide

During sexual arousal, the vasodilator _____ is released, dilating the arteries in the erectile tissues.

parasympathetic

Arousal is a result of the _____ nervous system.

sympathetic

Upon orgasm, the _____ nervous system is switched on.

corpora cavernosa

The penis consists of two columns of _____ tissue on the dorsal side.

corpus spongiosum

The inferior side of the penis, as wells as the glans, consists of the tissue _____.

corpora cavernosa

The clitoris is composed of _____ tissue.

corpus spongiosum

The vestibular bulbs are composed of _____ tissue.

emission

The movement of semen and sperm through the reproductive tract is known as _____.

ejaculation

The movement of semen through the urethra to the outside is known as _____.

neurohypophysis, oxytocin

During ejaculation, the _____ releases the hormone _____ to stimulate contractions of the epididymides, seminiferous tubules, and prostate gland to aid in the movement of sperm.

bulbourethral glands, prostate gland, sperm cells, seminal vesicles

List in order the 4 phases of release during ejaculation.

apocrine glands

Which glands are responsible for the body odor that develops during male puberty?

epiphyseal growth plates

During puberty, people grow taller rapidly due to increased activity at the _____.

seminal vesicles, alkaline

The _____ secrete an _____ fluid to help regulate the pH of tubular contents and neutralize the acidic secretions of the vagina.

seminal vesicles, fructose

The _____ secrete _____ to aid sperm in the production of ATP.

seminal vesicles, prostaglandins

The _____ secrete _____ to stimulate muscular contractions of female reproductive organs, aiding movement of sperm towards the egg cell.

acidic

The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate is slightly _____.

citrate

The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate contains _____, a nutrient for sperm.

prostate-specific antigen

The thin, milkly fluid from the prostate contains _____, an enzyme which helps liquefy semen following ejaculation.

bulbourethral

The _____ glands secrete a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the end of the penis in preparation for sex.

23

What is the number of the sex chromosomes?

somatic

Chromosomes 1-22 are _____ chromosomes.

XX

What is the chromosomal arrangement for a female?

XY

What is the chromosomal arrangement for male?

luteinizing

Ovulation is triggered by a spike in levels of _____ hormone in the blood.

LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone

During ovulation, there is an increase in which 4 hormones?

estrogen, progesterone

Menstruation begins when there is a sharp decline in which 2 hormones?

46

How many chromosomes do oogonia contain?

capacitation

_____ is the activation of sperm.

hyaluronidase

Acrosomes use the enzyme _____ to burn their way into the ovum.

bulbospongiosus

The _____ muscle is a skeletal muscle near the ejaculatory duct that becomes involuntary during orgasm.

testes

the male gonads

gonads

organs that produce gametes; a testis or ovary.

ovaries

the female gonads

sperm

produced by testes

oocytes

produced by ovaries; eggs

hermaphrodites

organisms having both male and female reproductive organs in one body

gametogenesis

the production of functional sex cells

spermatogenesis

sperm production

seminiferous tubules

spermatogenesis occurs in the _____ of the testes

oogenesis

egg production

vas deferens

Long, narrow tube carrying sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

ejaculatory duct

tube through which semen enters the urethra

glans

The tip of the penis