Nutrition Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards related to lecture notes on nutrition, covering topics such as nutrients, carbohydrates, minerals, water, vitamins, proteins, fats, calorie balance, eating disorders, and body image.

Nutrients

Chemical substances that provide the body with what it needs to grow and function.

Carbohydrates

Major source of energy found in fruits, veggies, grains, and milk, also known as saccharides or sugar and starch molecules.

Glucose

Preferred source of energy that powers the brain.

Starches

Chains of glucose linked together, also known as complex carbohydrates.

Fiber

Tough complex carb that the body cannot digest; found in plant-based foods, lowers cholesterol, balances glucose levels, and helps you eat less.

Minerals

Inorganic elements needed in relatively small amounts to help regulate body functions and aid in growth/maintenance of body tissues.

Water

Critical for regulating body temperature, component in food and the human body, used for digestion; need 8.5 to 11.5 cups daily.

Vitamins

Needed in small amounts; fat-soluble types are A, D, E, K; water-soluble types are C, B; help with vitamin deficiencies and boostThe immune system.

Protein

One of the three nutrients used as energy sources; essential component of muscle and skin; needed to grow muscles; forms antibodies that prevent infection/illness.

Fats

Supports cell growth and protects organs; types include saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.

Calorie balance

Maintaining weight by balancing calories gained and burned; influenced by age, gender, weight, and physical activity level.

Empty calories

Foods that supply few nutrients to a diet, such as soda, grain deserts, dairy deserts, pizza with meat, and whole milk.

MyPlate

A system set up by the USDA to help people have a healthier diet, including fruits, grains, vegetables, dairy, and proteins.

Food intolerance

When the body cannot digest a food.

Food allergies

When a person's immune system reacts to a food as if it is harmful.

Vegetarian

Do not eat meat; supplement meat for plant-based proteins.

Vegans

Do not eat any animal products; supplement meat for plant-based proteins.

Malnutrition

A form of poor nutrition in which the body cannot get enough nutritious food.

Under nutrition

Not enough nutrition.

Over nutrition

Too much nutrition.

Low fat

Foods or diets that contain low amounts of fat

Heart healthy

The food must contain at least 51 percent whole grain, low in total fat, low in saturated fat, etc.

Organic

98 percent organically produced ingredients.

Non-GMO

Do not have genetically modified ingredients.

Food borne illnesses

Illness transmitted by foods, also known as food poisoning; can be food borne infections.

BMI

Body mass index; can be used to assess an individual's weight status.

Eating Disorders

Serious illness that causes major disturbances in a person's daily diet.

Anorexia nervosa

Intense fear of gaining weight, low energy availability, low bone mineral density, severely distorted body image, strict dieting, counting calories, engage in collusive behaviors

Bulimia nervosa

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics; triggered by negative emotion.

Binge eating

Consumes a huge amount of food in a short period of time, accompanied by feelings of distress during or after binging.

Body image

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and emotions towards how you think your body looks.

Positive body image

Appreciative of your body.

Negative body image

Dislike of your body.