Immuno Q4

I: Neutrophils increase in the bloodstream during acute inflammation

II: Phagocytosis of neutrophil by macrophage stimulates TLRs, producing G-CSF

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

A

I: Binding of integrin slows down neutrophils

II: Elastase produced by endothelial cells dissolve leukosialin in neutrophils

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

D

I: Chemoattractants from microbial invasion and damaged tissues attract neutrophils to site

II: Neutrophils produce oxidants, elastase, and defensins

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

C

I: Neutrophils can phagocytose bacterial invaders by their charges

II: Opsonins such as antibody and complement adds a net positive charge

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

B

I: Antibody-coated bacteria will undergo Type II phagocytosis

II: Hydrophilic capsules such as Streptococcus pneumoniae are readily phagocytosed

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

D

I: Respiratory burst involves increased oxygen consumption to create hydrogen peroxides and hypochlorous acid to destroy pathogens

II: Neutrophils produce cytokines

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

C

I: LFA-1 is a cell adhesion molecule on the surface of neutrophils

II: When macrophages phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils, they produce IL-23

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

C

I: HMGB1, a major type of DAMPs, is produced by macrophages

II: Exosomes of macrophages can act as PAMPs to nearby macrophages and neutrophils

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

C

I: Macrophages transform into monocytes once they pass through the endothelial wall

II: Bacteria must be phagocytosed by neutrophils first before they are ingested by macrophages

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

A

I: M2 cells can expressed NOS2 to produce NO

II: Transition to M2 cells required IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

B

I: Intravenously delivered foreign material will end up in the liver in cats

II: Without antibodies, bacteria are removed slowly and incompletely

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

B

I: M2 cells produce enzymes and molecules for both tissue breakdown and remodeling

II: M2 cells downregulate the activities and cytokine influence on neutrophils

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

C

I: In healthy neutrophils, they release a signal to macrophages after CD31 binding

II: During low oxygen tension, VEGF promotes the formation of new blood vessels

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

C

I: TNF-a can stimulate hematopoietic stem cells to proliferate

II: binding of PAMPs on TLR2/TLR4 can stimulate hematopoietic stem cells to proliferate

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true d) both I and II are false

C

I: Cytokines can stimulate macrophages to produce HMGB1

II: Cytokines will reach the brain through diffusion in blood vessels only

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

A

I: Leukotriene production in the hypothalamus will result to increase in body temperature (fever)

II: Muscles increase in mass in systemic response to stack up amino acids

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are fals

D

I: Cytokines can also reach the bone marrow thus producing acute-phase proteins

II: Serum amyloid A binds to TLR2 or TLR4 to produce cytokines

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

B

I: The liver produces transferrin and haptoglobin to bind available iron in the blood

II: Siderophores are special structures on bacteria that can bind copper

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

A

I: Neutrophils are in charge of destroying aged red blood cells

II: During infection, hepcidin production can result to anemia

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

B

I: Cytokines can result to production of more cytokines by stimulating T lymphocytes

II: Increase in anticoagulation activity from cytokine storm will cause endothelial wall destruction

a) I is true

b) II is true

c) both I and II are true

d) both I and II are false

A