bonding and properties

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A=P=E M-A=N

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Chemistry

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1

A=P=E M-A=N

-Atomic number=Protons=Electrons -Mass Number-Atomic number=neutrons -mass number=atomic number+neutrons

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2

in ion-electron equations, gain of electrons go on...

reaction side

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3

in ion-electron equations, loss of electrons go on...

product side

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4

Covalent molecular properties

-small molecules (discrete) -cannot conduct electricity-don't have any free particles which are free to move -fixed number of atoms -soluble(*like dissolves like) -low mp/bp -weak attractions between molecules

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5

covalent network properties

-big -very strong -very high mp/bp (strong bonds must be broken) -insoluble -cannot conduct electricity(except graphite)-have to free electrons to carry charge -contain carbon(graphite, diamond), boron or silicone

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6

structures

-tetrahedral -trigonal pyramidal -angular -linear

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7

covalent bonds

-formed when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons -strong bond -non metals

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8

ionic bond

force of attraction between the positive and negative ions (metals & non-metals)

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9

properties of ionic compounds

-soluble in water + ionic substance -SOLIDS DON'T conduct electricity -liquid & molten conduct as ions are free to move

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10

non-metal atoms will...

gain electrons to form negative ions

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11

metal atoms will...

lose electrons to form positive ions

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12

prefix rule

mon-1 di-2 tri-3 tetra-4 penta-5 hexa-6

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13

Valency Rule

s-symbol v-valencies s-swap d-divide f-formula

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14

single covalent bond

sharing 1 pair of outer electrons, H-H

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15

double covalent bond

sharing 2 pairs of outer electrons, O=O

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16

group ions

ions that contain more than type of atom

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17

negative ions

-formed when non metal atoms gain electrons -atoms that gain electrons have more negative electrons than positive protons and so have a negative charge

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18

positive ions

-formed when metal atoms lose electrons -atoms that lose electrons have more positive protons than negative electrons and so have a positive charge

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19

ionic bond

-positive and negative ions are strongly attracted to each other, this is called electrostatic attraction -very strong bonds

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20

ionic structure

-ionic compounds form a lattice structure of oppositely charged ions(held together by electrostatic forces) -all ionic compounds are solid at room temp. bc the ionic bonds in the lattice are very strong

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21

ionic compound properties

-high mp/bp because strong bonds must be broken -dissolve in water and ionic solutions -solids DO NOT conduct -liquid/molten DO conduct as ions are free to move

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22

when writing ionic formula

include charges

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