External and Internal Coverings

What cavities are lined by serous membranes?

Ventral

Parietal serous membrane

Lines the internal surface of the body wall

Visceral serous membrane

Covers the external organs

Serous cavity with serous fluid

Layer in between the membrane layers

Paracardium

Serous membrane around the heart

Parietal pericardium

Pericardial cavity

Visceral pericardium

Components of the pericardium

Pleura

Serous membrane surrounding the lungs

Parietal pleura

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Components of the pleura

Peritoneum

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity

Parietal peritoneum

peritoneal cavity

Visceral peritoneum

Components of the peritoneum

1- protection

2- prevents water loss

3- temperature regualtion

4- metabolic regualtion

5- immune defense

6- sensation

7- excretion

7 functions of the integumentary system

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Luciderm

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

Layers of the epidermis

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Tactile cells

Cells found in the stratum basale

Lots of mitosis

Single layer of cells

Skin regeneration

Characteristics of the stratum basale

Several cells thick

Daughter cells from stratum basale

specialized keratinocytes

Epidermal dendritic cells

Characteristics of stratum spinous

3-5 layers of keratinocytes

keratinization starts here

Characteristics of stratum granulosum

The cytoplasm fills with keratin

cells become thinner and flatter

extracellular lipids form water barrier

cells are dead but strong

The process of keratinization

only found in thick skin of palms and feet

thin, translucent, 2-3 layers thick

cells lack organelles

Characteristics of the stratum luciderm

20-30 layers of tightly packed cells

comprised of dead cells

Characteristics of stratum corneum

papillary layer

top layer of the dermis

reticular layer

bottom layer of the dermis

papillary layer of the dermis is what type of tissue

areolar connecttive tissue.

dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

interlocking the dermis and epidermis

reticular layer is what type of tissue

dense irrecular connective

reticular layer contains

blood vessels

glands

hair follicles

nerves

basal cell carcinoma

starts in stratum basale, most common, least dangerous

squamous cell carcinoma

starts in stratum spinosum, may metastisize

malignant melanoma

starts in melanocytes, most deadly

ABCDEs of melanomas

asymmetry

border irregularity

color

diameter

evolving

specialized epidermal derivatives

nails

hair

exocrine glands of skin

Free Edge

most distal, oldest cells, white thin part N

Nail body

pinking color, main part of nail

Nail root

not visible and embedded in the skin

Nail matrix

thickened growing part of the nail bed

Lunula

white semilunar area with thick basale

Eponychium

'“cuticle”

Hypoychium

thick stratum corneum under free edge

protection

heat retension

sensory reception

visula identification

chemical signal dispersal

functions of hair

Lanugo

hair found on fetus, very fine hair that goes away at birth

Vellus

“peach fuzz” hair found all over the body and may or may not be pigmented

Terminal

thick, strong and highly pigmented found on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes and beard.

hair bulb

deep swelling of epithelial cells where the hair originates

Hair root

portion of the hair that is deep to the skins surface

Hair shaft

portion of the hair that extends beyond the surface of the skin

medulla

cortex

cuticle

three different layers in a strand of hair

Hair matrix

where hair production occurs

hair follicle

surrounds each hair, made up of connective and epithelial tissue

arrector pilli muscle

small bundle of smooth muscle that attach to the hair

sweat glands

produces a watery secretion, two types of glands

sebaceous glands

produce oily secretions, keeps skin soft

merocrine sweat gland

coiled, tubular glands that release secretions into a duct with a pore on the skin surface

apocrine sweat glands

coiled, tubular glands that secrete into hair follicles at the armpits and genitals