Non-communicable disease - coronary heart disease

what is it also known as?

ischaemic heart disease

how many deaths per year?

7.5 million

where most prevalent?

USA, China, India

where are the most deaths from it?

Russia, China, India, USA

where are the least deaths from it?

Namibia and Botswana

what fraction of deaths of women in Europe are from CHD?

1 in 5 to 1 in 7

what % of deaths of men in Europe are from CHD?

16-25%

what has CHD been described as?

an epidemic

what does CHD involve in the body?

coronary arteries narrowing due to a build-up of fatty material, possibly to the point where blood can no longer reach the heart which causes a heart attack

what pollutants are linked with CHD?

particulate matter from industry and transport

what kind of climate is linked with CHD?

cold and dark (this may be because it discourages people from exercising)

how could relief affect CHD?

more challenging encourages more physical effort and exercise

but challenging relief can be a threat to those with underlying risks

what fraction of CHD deaths in England are linked to poor diet/lifestyle?

1/3

how much more likely is death from CHD in smokers?

60% more than non-smokers

what % of heart attacks in western Europe are due to hypertension and high cholesterol?

22% hypertension

45% cholesterol

what % of CHD in developed nations is caused by physical inactivity?

20%

3 ways in which urbanisation increases CHD risk

1. less outdoor space for activity

2. more exposed to marketing for unhealthy food and alcohol

3. higher levels of particulate matter air pollution and tobacco smoke

how much does CHD cost the UK healthcare system?

£8.7 billion (2009)

how much does CHD cost the UK economy?

£19 billion

how does the WHO say we can reduce CHD?

number of people who die/are disabled by CHD could be halved with wider use of a drug combination that costs just $14 per year per patient

how does Finland prevent CHD risk?

community-based interventions including health education and nutrition labelling

when was a smoking ban first introduced and where?

1970 Singapore

when was the UK sugar tax?

2018

what is the sugar tax and how does it help reduce CHD risk?

on sugary drinks to reduce childhood obesity

how much money is raised from the sugar tax?

£520 million per year

what is the sugar tax money used for?

increasing funding for sport in primary schools

what does the WHO do to promote heart health?

World Heart Day 29th September

what happens on World Heart Day?

medical activities e.g. blood pressure testing, activities to engage public in physical activity, scientific conferences

how many countries participate in World Heart Day?

120