Blood Lab - Hemoglobin Flashcards

What are red blood cells (RBCs) primarily composed of?

Red blood cells are about one-third hemoglobin.

What is the main function of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin carries oxygen and some carbon dioxide in the blood.

How does healthy hemoglobin content vary?

It varies with age, sex, and other factors.

What is the normal hemoglobin range for males?

14–18 g Hb/100 mL.

What is the normal hemoglobin range for females?

12–16 g Hb/100 mL.

What does hemoglobin content reflect?

It is a measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

What is blood doping?

Blood doping refers to methods used to increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.

What is used as a positive control in hemoglobin measurement?

A sample that has been blood doped.

What represents a negative control in hemoglobin measurement?

A sample that is not blood doped.

What is the first step in the hemoglobin measurement process?

Blood must be placed in a chamber and stirred with a chemical.

How is hemoglobin content measured?

By placing the chamber into a hemoglobinometer to read the hemoglobin content based on light transmission.

What should laboratory workers do before and after procedures?

Wash laboratory benches with appropriate disinfectant.

What personal protective equipment should be worn?

Disposable gloves and goggles.

What should be done after handling blood samples?

Wash your hands.

How should used lancets be disposed of?

In a hazardous waste container, not in regular trash.

What is the purpose of using a hemolysis applicator?

To smear blood until it reaches a darker color for measurement.

What visual aid is used to measure hemoglobin content?

A hemoglobinometer.

What adjustment is made on the hemoglobinometer?

Adjusting the slider to match light intensity in the viewfinder.

When using a pipette, where should it be disposed of?

In the Sharps container.

What must be done after using a hemolysis applicator?

It should be disposed of properly after use.

What is the correct procedure for measuring sample A's hemoglobin content?

Drop blood from sample A in the blood chamber, smear, cover, move to hemoglobinometer, adjust slider, and record data.

What is the sequence of phases in laboratory simulation?

1. Identify lab equipment, 2. Measure controls, 3. Measure samples A, B, C, 4. Lab wrap-up.

What is the significance of lab wrap-up?

To review and confirm findings based on the data collected.

Can lab data be saved?

Yes, lab data can be saved for personal reference.

What is the first phase in the laboratory simulation?

Identify lab equipment.

What should laboratory workers reflect on before starting?

Personal safety precautions.

How many blood samples are being measured in the lab simulation?

Three samples from athletes.

What does it mean if an athlete has elevated hemoglobin content?

It could indicate potential blood doping.

What type of sample represents a positive control?

A blood sample known to be doped.

What role does the chemical play in hemoglobin measurement?

It allows hemoglobin to come out of the red blood cells into solution.

How do you determine if athletes are blood doping?

By comparing their hemoglobin measurements with known values.

What is the purpose of stirring blood in the chamber?

To release hemoglobin into solution for measurement.

What is measured in grams per 100 mL?

Hemoglobin content.

What should be done with pipettes after using them for blood samples?

They should be disposed of in a Sharps container.

Why is blood considered a hazardous material?

It poses biohazard risks during handling.

What is the last phase of the laboratory simulation?

Save Lab Data.

What does the hemoglobinometer measure?

It measures hemoglobin concentration in the blood.

What is the expected result of blood doping?

An abnormally elevated hemoglobin content.

What is the significance of a control sample in experiments?

It provides a baseline to determine if the test results are abnormal.

What measure indicates the effectiveness of oxygen transport in blood?

Hemoglobin content.

If an athlete's hemoglobin value falls outside the normal range, what could this imply?

It may suggest possible blood doping or other underlying conditions.

What does the term 'hemolysis' refer to in the context of blood samples?

The process of breaking down RBCs to release hemoglobin.

What should laboratory personnel do with blood contaminated items?

Dispose of them properly in hazardous waste containers.

Why is it important to adjust the slider on the hemoglobinometer?

To obtain an accurate measurement of hemoglobin content.

What does a hemoglobinometer analyze?

How light passes through hemoglobin solution.

What does recording lab data enable?

It allows for tracking results and comparison to normal ranges.

Why are safety precautions critical when working with blood samples?

To prevent contamination and exposure to pathogens.

What might a higher than normal hemoglobin content indicate apart from blood doping?

It can also indicate dehydration or other medical conditions.

How many phases are there in the measurement procedure?

Seven main phases.

What is the important step for personal safety when working in a lab?

Follow proper procedures for handling and disposing of biological materials.