Global History Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a Global History & Geography Regents Review Packet.

The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)

A philosophical movement that emphasized logic, reason, and questioning tradition, leading to new ideas about human rights, government, and economics.

Scientific Method

Observation & Experimentation + Logic & Reason.

Divine Right

The belief that a king's power comes from God, requiring absolute obedience.

Versailles

A magnificent palace built by Louis XIV to showcase his wealth and power, and to control the French nobility.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire, hard core absolute monarch.

Social Contract

An agreement where people obey the government's rules in exchange for the government protecting their rights.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all people, such as life, liberty, and property.

Voltaire

Champion of freedom of speech, championed freedom of religion/thought/press etc.

Baron Montesquieu

Governments need separation of powers (3 branches; legislative, executive & judicial)& checks & balances (veto power) to keep one person/group from becoming absolute & corrupt.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Proto-Feminist, advocating for women's equality.

Rule of Law

The principle that everyone is equal under the law, including leaders.

Nationalism

Feelings of strong devotion to one's country, often based on shared language and history.

Autonomy

Desire for self-determination/ sovereignity.

Peninsulares

European-born Caucasians in Latin America, at the top of the social hierarchy.

Creoles

American-born Caucasians in Latin America, who led many independence movements.

Otto von Bismarck

Militaristic leader of Prussia who unified Germany through

Realpolitik

Do anything to achieve your goals (lie, cheat, kill).

Italian Unification

Unified Italy through efforts by Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour.

Industrial Revolution

Humanity changes from hand-made products to mass-produced factory/machine made products.

Capitalism

Individuals control resources and make economic decisions.

Adam Smith

Father of Economics & Capitalism, wrote Wealth of Nations.

Laissez-faire capitalism

No government interference in business.

Socialism/Command Economy

Government controls all resources and makes all economic decisions.

Communism/Marxism

Radical socialism, advocating for a classless society.

Karl Marx & Joseph Engels

Fathers of Communism, wrote Das Kapital and the Communist Manifesto.

Bourgeoisie

A social class comprised of capitalists, factory owners.

Proletariat

A social class comprised of workers.

Urbanization

Cities grow due to job avaliablity.