Basics of chemistry

What is chemistry?

The science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different circumstances

The effects of cosmetics and skin care products are based on___

How the body reacts to chemicals

Organic chemistry

the study of substances that contain the element carbon

Inorganic chemistry

Compounds that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen

What is matter?

Matter is any substance that occupies space and has mass weight

All matter has____and____ properties and exists in the form of a solid, liquid, gas

Physical and chemical

Solid matter

Has definite shape and volume

Liquid matter

Has definite volume not shape , they take on shapes of containers

Gases

No definite volume or shape, expands easily, can be compressed

What are elements?

The simplest form of chemical matter

How many elements are there?

118

How many elements occur on earth naturally ?

98

Are elements able to be broken down?

Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

What are atoms?

The structural units that make up elements

What does the atoms consist of?

Nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons

What are molecules?

Formed by joining two or more atoms chemically

Elemental molecules

Contains two or more atoms of the same element that are united chemically

Compound molecules

Chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements

Physical change of matter

Change in form or physical properties of a substance without chemical reaction or creation of a new substance

Chemical changes of matter

Change in the chemical composition of a substance in which a new substance or substances are formed having properties different from the original

What is pure substance?

Chemical combination of matter in definite portions

What are physical mixtures?

Physical combination of matter in any proportion

Hydrogen

Colorless, tasteless, odorless gas; lightest element

Oxygen

the most abundant element; colorless, tasteless, odorless

Nitrogen

Gaseous element, colorless

Air

Gaseous mixture, makes up earths atmosphere, colorless odorless

Water

Most abundant out of all, 75% earths surface, 65% human body

Hydrogen peroxide

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, colorless liquid, odor and slightly acidic taste

Potential hydrogen (ph)

Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance