Human Biology Flashcards

Flashcards about Human Biology - Anatomy and Skin

What is the anatomical position?

Standing erect, head and eyes facing forward, arms straight with palms forward, fingers extended, feet flat, legs shoulder-width apart, and toes pointed forward.

What does superior mean?

Toward the head (in humans)

What does inferior mean?

Toward the feet (in humans)

What does anterior (or ventral) mean?

Toward the front (in humans)

What does posterior mean?

Toward the back (dorsal)

What does medial mean?

Toward the midline

What does lateral mean?

Away from the midline

What does proximal mean?

Toward the body trunk or closer to the point of attachment

What does distal mean?

Farther from the body trunk or point of attachment

What does superficial mean?

Toward the body surface

What does deep mean?

More internal

What is the Sagittal plane?

Divides the body into left and right parts.

What is the Frontal (Coronal) plane?

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

What is the Transverse or Horizontal Plane?

Divides body into superior and inferior parts.

What are the two cavities within the dorsal cavity?

Cranial (brain and skull) cavity and Vertebral (spinal) cavity

What are the two Subdivision of the Ventral Body Cavity?

Thoracic and Abdomino-pelvic

What are the two layers of the serosa membrane?

Parietal serosa and Visceral serosa

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater

What is homeostasis?

The body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous external changes.

What is Negative Feedback?

The net effect is that the output of the system decreases or shuts off the stimulus.

What is Positive Feedback?

The result or response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.

What makes up the Integumentary System?

Skin and its derivatives (sweat, oil glands, hair, nails)

What are the functions of the Integumentary System?

Prevents desiccation, waterproof, thermoregulation, physical protection, self-repairing, defense, melanin production, vitamin D production, and sensory organ.

What are the three distinct regions of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

What are the two of the four distinct cells of the Epidermis?

Keratinocytes and Melanocytes

What kind of cells are in the Dermis?

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells

What is the main function of hair on humans?

Sensory

What the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and Apocrine

What are Sebaceous (Oil) Glands?

Simple alveolar glands that secrete sebum into a hair follicle