Digestive System

Mouth Mechanical Digestion

Crushing, grinding, and moistening

Mouth Chemical Digestion

Starch to maltose in the presence of salivary amylase

Esophagus

Moistening

Stomach Mechanical Digestion

Crushing, churning, moistening, absorption of liquid, absorption of simple sugars

Stomach Chemical Digestion

Proteins to polypepties

Small intestines Mechanical Digestion

Fat emulsification, nutrient absorption though villi and microvilli

Small Intestines Chemical Digestion

Starch to maltose using pancreatic amylase,

Disaccharides to monosaccharides using maltase, lactase or surcose,

Proteins to polypeptides using trypsis and chyotrypsin,

Polypeptied to amino acids using peptidases,

fats to fatty acids and glycerol using lipase

Large intestines Mechanical Digestion

Water absorption in the asending, transverse and decending colons

Accessory Organs

Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Salivary glands

secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates

Liver

Produces Bile, which emulsifies fat

Gallbladder

Stores bile and introduces it into small intestines

Pancreas

Produces and secretes pacreatic juice, containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonates ions into small intestines

Alimentary Canal

Mouth, Pharaynx, Esophogus, Stomach, Small INtestines, Large Intestines, Rectum, Anus

Mouth

Mechanical Breakdiwn of food; begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Pharynx

Connects mouth and esphagus

Esophagus

Peristalis pushes food to stomach

Stomach

Secretes acid and enzymes, mixes foood with secreations to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins

Small intestines

Mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice. Final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules; main site of nutrient absorption

Large intestines

Absorbs Water and electorlytes to form feces

Rectum

Regulates elimination of feces

Enzymes

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions that break down food molecules into small molecules

Amylase

Produced by the mouth. Breaks down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules

Pepsin

Produced in the stomach. Breaks down proteins into amino acids

Trypsin

produced in the pancreas. Breaks down proteins

Pancreatic Lipase

produced in the pancreas. It is used to break apart fats

Deoxyribonuclease

Produce in the pancreas. Enzyme that break bonds in nucleic acid like DNA and RNA

ribonuclease

also produced in the pancreas. It is an enzyme that break bonds in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

Bile Salts

bile acids that help break down fat

Bile Acids

located in the liver

Gastrin

signals the secretion of gastric acid

Cholecystokinin

signals the secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Secretin

signals secretion of water and bicarbonate

Ghrelin

Signals when you are hungry

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

stops or decreases gastric secretion. Causes the release of insulin in response to high glucose levels