Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and Somatic Nervous System

The nervous system has two anatomical divisions. What are they?

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

The central nervous system is located where?

brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system is located where?

outside of the brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system has two functional divisions. What are they?

somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

The somatic nervous system controls what type of movements?

voluntary

How many neurons are involved in the somatic nervous system?

one

There are 3 types of sensory receptors. What are they, and what differentiates them?

tactile-touch

nociception-pain

proprioception-length changes (tendons/ligaments)

Where are the tactile and nociception receptors located?

skin, cornea, mucosa, hair/feather follicle, connective tissue

Where are the proprioception receptors located?

tendons, ligaments, muscles, joints

In the afferent path of the somatic nervous system, what are the steps?

ventral/dorsal branch of spinal nerve>spinal nerve>spinal ganglion>dorsal root>dorsal horn

In the efferent path of the somatic nervous system, what are the steps?

ventral horn>ventral root>spinal nerve>ventral/dorsal branch of spinal nerve

How many neurons are needed in the visceral (ANS)?

two (pre and post ganglionic/synaptic)

Sympathetic effects on:

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Reproductive

Cardiovascular +

Respiratory +

Digestive -

Urinary -

Reproductive -

Parasympathetic effects on:

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Reproductive

Cardiovascular -

Respiratory -

Digestive +

Urinary +

Reproductive +

Actions such as fighting, running, hunting, and stress/fear are examples of which system?

sympathetic

What is the sympathetic trunk?

located below thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, formed by ganglia connected by axons, with a group of visceral ganglia connected below

Where do the sympathetic nuclei live?

thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord

2 neurotransmitters are needed at the pre and post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. What are they?

1 (pre): acetylcholine

2 (post): norepinephrine

Are spinal nerve roots unidirectional or bidirectional?

unidirectional

Is the spinal nerve uni- or bi-directional?

bidirectional

Somatic afferent neurons go to what area of the spinal cord?

dorsal root

Visceral afferent neurons go to what area of the spinal cord?

dorsal root

The somatic efferent neurons come from what area of the spinal cord?

ventral horn

The visceral efferent neurons come from what area of the spinal cord?

lateral horn

What are the communicating branches?

axons that connect the spinal nerve with the sympathetic trunk

Are the communicating branches uni- or bi-directional?

bidirectional

What are the 3 target tissues of the sympathetic nervous system?

axial (neck) and limbs smooth mm. and glands

heart, smooth mm., and glands of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

head smooth mm. and glands

The vertebral nerve carries what type of fiber, and where does it lead?

postganglionic fibers

cervical spinal nn.

In the sympathetic pelvic libs, describe the path the neurons take. 

What structures does the ansa subclavian connect? How did it get its name?

communicating branch between cervicothoracic and middle cervical ganglia

fibers go around the subclavian

What are splanchnic nerves, and where will the neuron synapse?

axons from preganglionic neurons

visceral ganglia

ONLY PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS

What are the hypogastric nerves?

runs parallel to aorta and internal iliac aa. to the pelvic plexus

CARRIER PRE AND POST GANGLIONIC

Actions like eating and sleeping are what system?

parasympathetic nervous system

How does the pre and post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic pathway compare to those of the parasympathetic?

parasympathetic has a longer preganglionic, sympathetic has a longer postganglionic

What are the 2 neurotransmitters required for a pre and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?

1 (pre): acetylcholine

2 (post): acetylcholine

What is an intramural ganglion?

a ganglion within the wall of the target organ

The parasympathetic nervous system takes place where?

cervical and sacral segments

An erection is an example of what nervous system, while ejaculation is what nervous system?

parasympathetic

sympathetic

A parasympathetic signal sent from the cranial portion is sent from where?

brainstem

A parasympathetic signal sent from the sacral portion is sent from where?

ventral horn of spinal cord

The dorsal and ventral vagal trunks are made up of what branches?

right and left dorsal/ventral branches

The ventral vagal trunk brings synapses to what organs?

ventral portion of stomach and spleen

The dorsal vagal trunk brings synapses to what organs?

dorsal portion of stomach and spleen

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

kidneys

small and large intestines (until transverse colon)

Name the structure(s) represented by a, b, and c.

dorsal root 

spinal ganglion

spinal nerve

Name the structure(s) represented by d and e.

communicating branches

sympathetic trunk

Name the structure(s) represented by a, b, and c.

left vagus n.

left recurrent laryngeal n.

dorsal vagal branch

Name the structure(s) represented by d, e, and f.

ventral vagal branch

ventral vagal trunk

right recurrent laryngeal n.

Name the structure(s) represented by g, h, I, and j.

right vagus n.

dorsal vagal branch

ventral vagal branch

dorsal vagal trunk

Name the structure(s) represented by a, b, and c.

vagus n.

dorsal branch of vagal n.

dorsal vagal trunk

Name the structure(s) represented by d, e, and f.

recurrent laryngeal n.

ventral branch of vagal n.

ventral vagal trunk

Name the structure(s) represented by the arrows.

sympathetic trunk