Ch 28 Female reproductive system !

Testosterone and Mullerian-Inhibiting Factor

The female reproductive tract develops due to the abstención of which two hormones?

Paramesonpheric

The duct from which the female reproductive tract arises during fetal development.

Medulla

The ___ of the ovary contains most of the large arteries and veins.

Internal female genitalia

The uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina are part of which category?

A follicle contains an oocyte

What is the relationship between follicles and oocytes?

Abs en e of testosterone and MIF

What leads to the development of female (rather than male) reproductive structures during fetal development?

Attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall

What is the suspensores ligament?

Attaches the ovary to the uterus

What is the ovarian ligament?

Anchors the ovary to the broad ligament

What isThe purpose of the mesovarium?

Ovary

Which female reproductive organ produces egg cells and sex hormones?

Ovary

What is the organ supported by the Mesovarium?

Cortex

Eggs and developing follicles are located in which portion of the ovary?

Vagina, Uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes

What are the organs part of the internal female genitalia?

Ovarian branch of the uterine artery

Which artery passes through the Mesovarium?

The ovarian artery

Which artery passes through the suspensory ligament?

Follicles

Within the ovary, eggs develop within encircling structures called ___

Uterine Tube

What is the name for the duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg or conceptos to the uterus?

Ovarian

The ___ ligament stat aches the medial pole of the ovary to the uterus.

Ampulla

Which portion of the uterine tube is the longest?

1. Infundibulum

2. Ampulla

3. Isthmus

What are the 3 parts of the of the fallopian tubes?

Mesovarium

What term refers to the peritoneal fold that anchors the anterior margin of the ovary?

Infundibulum

What term refers to the flared portion at the distal end of the uterine tube?

Oviducts/Fallopian Tubes

The uterine tubes are also called ___/___ ___

Fimbriae

What term refers to the fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum to the uterine tube?

Mesosalpinx

Which term refers to the portion of the broad ligament that surrounds the uterine tubes?

Medulla

What term refers to the inner portion of the ovary that contains the large arteries and veins?

Isthmus

The proximal end of the uterine tubes becomes narrowed. This region is called the ___

Infundibulum

Fimbriae extend off of the ____ of the uterine tube.

Fundus

What is the most superior I region of the uterus?

External Os

The ___ ___ is the opening between the cervical canal and the vagina.

To prevent spread of microorganisms from the vagina

What is the purpose of the mucous secreted by Cervical glands?

Uterus

The ___ is the large muscular organ that opens into the roof of the vagina.

Endometrium

The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the ____

INternal Os

The ___ ___ is the opening between the cervical canal and the lumen of the uterus.

Cervix

What term refers to the inferior cylindrical end of the uterus?

Stratum Basalis

Which term refers to the deeper layer of the endometrium that is retained in the menstrual cycle, and regenerates the functional layer?

Stratum functionalis

What is the layer of the endometrium that is shed during the menstrual cycle as necrotic tissue?

Thinner

During ovulation, mucus from the cervical glands become ___ to facilitate sperm.

Cardinal

The ___ ligaments support both the cervix and the superior portion of the vagina.

1. Perimetrium

2. Myometrium

3. Endometrium

What are the layers of the uterine wall, from most superficial to most deep?

Round ligaments

Which ligaments run from the anterior surface of the uterus, through the inguinal canals, to the labia majora?

Myometrium

What refers to the muscular layer of the uterine wall?

Simple columnar

The epithelium of the endometrium is __ __.

Vagina

What is the name of the tube that allows the discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis, and the birth of a baby?

Functional and basal alyers

What are the layers of the endometrium?

Vaginal Ruggae

The ridges in the vaginal wall that function to produce friction with the penis are called __ __.

Cardinal Ligament

Which ligament extends from the superior part of the vagina and cervix to the pelvic wall?

True

True or False: the Round Ligament of the uterus passes through the inguinal canal.

Mons pubis and clitoris

What are components of the vulva?

Vesicouterine pouch

What is the name for the pocket formed by the peritoneum, between the uterus and the urinary bladder?

Fornix

A blind pouch at the superior end of the vagina that extends beyond the cervix is called a ____.

Hymen

What term refers to the membrane that stretches across the vaginal orifice, usually broken by physical activity or tampon use?

Glnas

What term refers to the anterior-most aspect of the clitoris?

Corpora cavernous of the clitoris

The Crura are part of which female sex organ?

Vulva

The female external genitalia are collectively called the ___.

Pectoralis major

The breasts are mounds of adipose tissue and glands located superficial to which muscle?

Majora

The labia __ are the most superficial of the two pairs of labia.

Auxiliary Tail

What is the most superior portion of the breast?

Labia Minora

What are the thin, hairless folds of skin medial to the labia majora?

Nipple

The lactiferous sinuses merge at the ___ of the breast.

Clitoris

The male penis is homologous to which organ in the female?

8-10 years old

In the US, puberty begins at ages __ for most girls.

Crura

What term refers to the paired regions of the corpus cavernosa of the clitoris that attach it to the pubic arch?

Breast

The mound of adipose and glandular tissue that overlays the pectoralis major or enlargers during puberty is the __

Monthly changes to the lining of the uterus

What does the menstrual cycle entail?

Anillarte tail

Which term refers to the superior-most portion of the breast that extends towards the armpit?

Punerty

What term refers to the onset of a series of anatomical and physiological changes that indicate the onset of a female's reproductive life?

Oogonia

The ovarian stem cells that give rise to Oocytes are called ___.

Climacteric

A midline change in hormonal levels that brings of menopause in women.

Oocyte

A single human egg, or ovum, may also be referred to as an ___

Menstrual Cycle

Which term refers specifically to the monthly cycle of changes tat take place inside the uterus?

Ovum

Which term can be used to describe an egg cell at any stage of development?

Folliculogenesis

_____ refers to the development of the follicle that surrounds the egg as the egg undergoes Oogenesis?

Oogenesis

The production of the female haploid gamete is called ___.

Primordial

What is the only type of follicle that contains a primary oocyte?

Oogonium

The ovarian stem cells that generate oocytes are ___.

Secondary Follicle

A ___ ___ consists of two or more layers of stratified cells and a Zona Pellucida that surrounds the Oocyte.

Tertiary

The presence of a fluid-filled antrum is the first sign of a ___ follicle.

Primary Follicle

a ___ ___ consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a secondary oocyte.

1. hypothalamus

2. Pituitary

3. ovaries

$. Uterus

Place the organs in order that participate in the HPO Axis

Proliferation and Menstrual phases

Which phases of the menstrual cycle occur during the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle?

The beginning of menstruation

Which sign indicates the beginning of the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle?

Antrum

Which term refers to the pool of follicular fluid found in tertiary follicles?

28 days

What is the average duration of the sexual cycle?

Estradiol

Which hormone, secreted by granulosa cells, help to stimulate the dominant follicle?

Secretory and Premenstrual phases

Which phases of the menstrual cycle occur during the literal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Follicular

The ___ phase of the ovarian cycle involves the growth and development of follicles.

Stimulates the dominant follicle to up-regulate its receptors

What is the function of Estradiol during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Granulosa

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, Estradiol is secreted by the ___ cells of the antral follicles.

FH stimulates follicle growth, and granulosum cells to secrete Estradiol

What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Luteinizing hormone

Ovulation occurs when increased release of estrogen from a maturing follicle triggers a spike in which hormone?

Inhibition of GnRH, upregulation of FSH, LH, and Estradiol receptors in the dominant follicle.

What are the effects of Estradiol during the follicular phase?

Progesterone

During the lateral phase, there is a 10x increase in the hormone ___, to prepare the uterus for a potential pregnancy.

LH

The formation of the corpus luteum from the ruptured follicle is regulated by which hormone?

Corpus Luteum

Which structure secretes Estradiol, Inhibin, and Progesterone?

The corpus alibi ANS develops

What occurs during the lateral phase of the ovarian cycle?

Corpus Albican

After the involuciones of the Corpus Luteum, the inactive bit of scar tissue is known as the __ ___.

The ruptured follicle

Which structure develops into the corpus luteum after ovulation?

1. Menstrual phase

2. Proliferation phase

3. Secretory phase

4. Premenstrual phase

What are the steps in the menstruales cycle, from day 1 to day 28?

Progesterone

The hormone responsible for the fluid accumulation in the stratum functionalis during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle is _____.