Pig Practical - Structures & functions

Abdominal aorta

supplies oxygenated blood to the abdominal and pelvic regions and lower limbs

Adrenal glands

produces aldosterone and cortisol

Apical bronchus

conducts air into lungs

Bladder

store urine produced by kidney

Brachiocephalic trunk (artery)

carry blood to right arm, head and neck

Bulbourethral glands

adds fluid to semen during ejaculation

Colon

absorbs water and electrolytes

Common carotid arteries

supplies blood to brain, neck, and face

Diaphragm

Muscular: separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Respiratory: plays crucial role in inhaling and exhaling

Epididymis

stores and transport sperm cells

Epiglottis

seals off trachea during eating

Esophagus

transports food to stomach

External jugular vein

receives blood from head

Facial nerve

controls muscles of facial expression

Gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile

Heart

pumps blood through body

Inferior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from lower half of body to heart

Internal jugular veins

carry deoxygenated blood from the face and neck to the heart

Kidneys

filters blood and produce urine

Large intestine (spiral organ)

absorbs water from remaining food material

Larynx

housing vocal cords

Liver

breaks down fats, produces proteins, helps clot blood

Lungs

process of gas exchange/respiration

Masseter muscle

helps chew food

Mesentery

attaches intestines to abdominal wall

Ovaries

Endocrine: release hormones that help with menstrual cycle & pregnancy

Reproductive: produce eggs and release estrogen and progesterone

Pancreas

Endocrine: produces insulin and glucagon to regulate glucose

Digestive: digestion and blood sugar regulation

Penis

conduit for urine and sperm to leave body

Pericardium

suspends the heart to the mediastinum

Phrenic nerve

motor information to diaphragm, receives sensory information from it

Primary bronchi (main)

shuttles air to and from the lungs

Pulmonary trunk

takes deoxygenated blood to lungs

Pyloric sphincter

controls flow of food from stomach to small intestine

Rectum

Temporarily stores feces

Renal arteries

carries oxygenated blood to kidneys

Renal veins

drain deoxygenated blood from kidneys

Salivary glands

produce saliva

Small intestine

absorb minerals and nutrients from food

Spermatic cord

anchors testes in scrotum

Spleen

filters and clean blood

Stomach

secrets acid and enzymes that digest food

Subclavian arteries

carry oxygenated blood to the brain

Superior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

Testes

Endocrine: produce and secrete testosterone

Reproductive: produce sperm and release hormones

Thoracic aorta

carries oxygenated blood to chest, head, and neck

Thymus

Endocrine: produce hormones that influence immune responses

Lymphatic: maturation site for T lymphocytes

Thyroid

makes thyroid hormones

Tongue

chew, taste, swallow

Trachea

provides airflow to and from the lungs

Umbilical arteries

carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

Umbilical vein

carrie nutrients rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

Ureters

carry urine from kidney to bladder

Urethra

allows urine to flow it out of body

Urogenital sinus

connects to external genitalia

Uterine horns (tube)

passageway for sperm to reach ovaries

Uterus

nurture a fertilized ovum

Vagina

passageway for fetus

Vagus nerve

regulates digestion, heart rate, and breathing

Vas deferens

transport sperm to urethra