anatomy midterm

Increased BRIGHTNESS POSTERIOR to an anechoic structure is termed

posterior acoustic enhancement.

Another term for SONOLUCENT is

ANECHOIC

Select the description of the MIDSAGITAL plane

The midsagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Both the sagittal and coronal planes divide the body lengthwise. how does the CORONAL plane divide the body?

The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound share terminology describing the body planes. identify the plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections.

Transverse plane

Describe an irregular or mixed echo pattern on an ultrasound image.

Heterogenous

what is the description to uniform or similar echo patterns on an ultrasound image?

Homogeneous

which anatomic area is NOT seen on a coronal scanning plane image?

anterior and posterior structures

you are preparing to scan the patient, you enter the room and the patient is laying on their stomach on the exam table. what position is the patient in?

Prone position

If you are attempting to scan the Right kidney in a CORONAL plane, what position should you patient be in ?

LLD

The ventral cavity includes all of the following areas EXPEPT

the cranial cavity.

Which plane divides the body vertically into right and left?

The sagittal plane.

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into how many quadrants

four (4) quadrants including the right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower quadrants.

Which is the “master” endocrine gland?

The pituitary gland, which controls various hormonal functions.

t/f : the thoracic and abdominal are separated by a muscular partition called the visceral pleura

diaphragm, which aids in respiration. (it is false)

which artery structure is oriented horizontally in the body?

right renal artery

which anatomic area is NOT seen on sagittal scanning plane image?

Medial

In gross anatomy, the abdominal aorta is located——— to the left kidney?

posterior

protective bony vault of skull consists of —— bones?

eight (8) cranial

the main parts of the brain include?

the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

how many layers the meninges have?

There are three (3) layers of meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

what is the innermost layer of the meninges adjacent to the brain and spinal cord surfaces?

The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges, closely adhering to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.

How many ventricles are in the brain ?

The brain contains four (4) ventricles: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.

which structure connects the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle?

The interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro) connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

which structure connects the third ventricle and the forth ventricle?

The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.

What is the largest component of the human nervous system?

Cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing.

what is THIN, triangular space filled with CSF that lies between the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles, which is part of the ventricular system?

Foramen of Monro The interventricular foramen, also known as the foramen of Monro, is a thin, triangular space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that lies between the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles, serving as part of the ventricular system.

which structure is located in the atrium of the lateral ventricles?

The choroid plexus is located in the atrium of the lateral ventricles, where it produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

what is the structure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

The interhemispheric fissure, also known as the longitudinal fissure, is a deep groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the brain.

what is the structure that is located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, which contains a filtrate of CSF, but it is not part of the ventricular system?

The cavum septum pellucidum is a structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles that contains a filtrate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but is not part of the ventricular system.

visual impulses are interpreted by the ———- part of the lobe ———?

posterior and occipital lobe of the brain.

which of the following is the second largest portion of the brain?

The cerebellum is the second largest portion of the brain, located at the back of the skull and responsible for coordination, balance, and motor control.

The lateral fissure, or sylvian fissure, separates the ?

frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.

the transverse fissure separates the ?

cerebellum from the cerebrum

the diencephalon rests superior to the brain stem. is consists of ?

the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

the structures of the brain stem are?

the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

what is the part of the brain that connects the forebrain and the spinal cord?

The brain stem.

which system/nerves control involuntary functions like the heart rate, digestion and breathing?

The autonomic nervous system.

somatic nervous is part of ——- nervous system

the peripheral nervous system.

cross sectional imaging of the neonatal brain is best imaged in ?

sagittal and transverse plane axial planes.

Anterior fontanelle closes up by

18 to 24 months of age. (1.5 yrs)

which structure is composed of a fine network of blood vessels and neural tissue and is susceptible to hemorrhage in the premature infant?

The germinal matrix, located in the ventricles of the brain, is susceptible to hemorrhage in premature infants due to its vascularity and fragility.

what vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas.

which vessel arteries from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta?

superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is the vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and runs parallel to the aorta.

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch if the ?

common hepatic artery

which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

Superior Mesenteric artery (SMA) is used as a landmark for locating the celiac trunk.

Which vascular structure is used as landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

The Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) serves as a key landmark for identifying the celiac trunk during anatomical assessments.

which one of the following vascular structure courses between the aorta and SMA?

The left renal vein is situated between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in the anatomical arrangement of the retroperitoneal space.

At which region do the renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta?

Inferior to the SMA

The inferior vena cava courses superiorly to the enter of the?

The inferior vena cava drains deoxygenated blood from the lower body and enters the right atrium, where it contributes to the cardiac circulation.

most inferiorly, aorta branches into the?

common iliac arteries.

the splenic artery arises from the?

celiac trunk. (artery)

the left vein serves as —— between the medical and lateral left lobe?

the intersegmental boundary

the Celiac artery branches into?

the left gastric (LGA), splenic artery (SA), and common hepatic arteries (CHA).

What carries blood and nutrients from the bowel and abdominal organs to the liver for metabolism and detoxification?

Porta venous system and portal vein.

which of the following is a fibrous cord that runs from the umbilicus to the liver, a remnant of the Left Umbilical vein?

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver) is a structure that connects the liver to the umbilicus, functioning as a remnant of fetal circulation.

which artery is the terminal branch of the abdominal aorta?

Common iliac arteries are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the lower limbs.

the portal vein is located ——- to the IVC?

anterior and superior

left suprarenal vein drains into?

the left renal vein

which of the following arteries are paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Gonadal arteries and renal arteries are paired branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the gonads and kidneys.

this is the only section of the liver not covered by peritoneum?

the bare area of the liver

the smallest lobe of the liver is ?

the caudate lobe.

the following structures are in contact with the posterior border of the liver EXPCEPT?

the gallbladder, diaphragm, right kidney and colon

this lobe is covered by the lesser sac it anterior border is related to the posterior aspect of the left portal vein and its posterior boundary is the IVC?

The caudate lobe.

the falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the?

ligamentum teres and the fissure for the round ligament.

considering the H pattern of the anatomic lobar segmentation the horizontal arm of the H is traced at the level of the ?

Porta Hepatis of the liver.

the portal tried is composed of

the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.

The cystic duct connects the ———-of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the ——

neck, CBD

The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the ?

common hepatic duct.

which segment in the Couinaud liver segmentation are part of the left lobe of the liver?

Segments II, III, and IV

in the mickey mouse sign of the transverse view of the portal triad the right ear is the ———- the left ear is the ———- and the face is the ————-?

common bile duct (CBD), hepatic artery and portal vein

the pancreas is located anterior to?

Aorta and IVC

The portal (SMV / SV) confluence is located?

posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the aorta.

the marrow if the bones occurs within?

Hematopoiesis the bone marrow

Bones are connected to each other by?

ligaments

tendons attach muscles to ?

bones

it transfer instructions from one set of cells to another?

hormones Chemical messengers in the body

the —- is the “master gland” of the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

the ——- phase of the heart is called diastole?

relaxation

one of the main functions of the ——- is collection and transportation of excess fluids from interstitial spaces of the body back into veins in the bloodstream?

The lymphatic system is responsible for collecting and transporting excess fluid from interstitial spaces back into the bloodstream, playing a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and immune function.

at the end of each skeletal muscle the collagen fibers come together to form a bundle known as a?

tendon

another name of the pituitary gland?

hypophysis

which body structure is intraperitoneal (P)

is surrounded by peritoneum on all sides, such as the stomach or liver.

which body structure is retroperitoneal (R)

is located behind the peritoneum, such as the kidneys or pancreas.

each of the following marks a segment of the large bowel EXCEPT the?

jejunum is a part of the small intestine.

which of the following vessels originates from the left upper quadrant and courses horizontally and medial toward the middle before terminating posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

splenic vein

in a transverse scanning plane image the target organ or area of interest is always related to a structure immediately?

anterior, posterior, medial, right or left lateral to it in the same plane

The plane that divides the body into right and left sections parallel to the long axis of the midline is known as the —— plane.

sagittal

which of the following would be normally considered to have a vertical oblique orientation or lie within the human body?

The common bile duct is typically oriented vertically and obliquely within the body, running from the liver to the duodenum.

the part of the axial skeleton which links the lower extremities to the rest of the body through the lumbo-sacral spine is called the?

pelvis

which of the following would be normally considered to have a horizontal oblique orientation or lie within the human body?

The pancreas is typically oriented horizontally and obliquely within the body, positioned behind the stomach.

the plane which divides the body into anterior and posterior section perpendicular to the longitudinal plane and parallel to the long axis of the body from the midaxillary line is better known as the plane?

frontal or coronal plane

multiple scanning planes are utilized in ultrasound imaging because?

they generate volume measurements a, complete assessment and the findings are thus considered confirmed and reliable.

which of the following structures is not a part of the biliary duct?

duct of wirsung is the main pancreatic duct, while the structures of the biliary tree include the common bile duct, cystic duct, and common hepatic duct.

division of the ventral cavity. largest body cavity encompassing the abdomen and pelvis. also known as abdominopelvic cavity

peritoneal cavity

the refers to certain body structures that lies behind or posterior to the parietal peritoneal sac. only their anterior surface is in contact with the peritoneal lining?

Retroperitoneal organs

what vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen joining the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

Splenic vein

the right renal artery passes—— to the inferior vena cava (IVC)

posterior

Which vein divides the liver into medical and lateral segments?

left hepatic vein