alkanes and alkenes

why is a carbon- hydrogen bond considered to be relatively non polar

they both have similar electronegativity

what does displayed formula of a compound show?

every atom and every bond in the molecule

when drawing skeletal formula what do the lines represent?

carbon- carbon bonds

when drawing reaction mechanisms what does the curly arrow represent

the movement of a pair of electrons

what is a hydrocarbon?

an organic compound made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only

what is a homologous series?

a family of organic compounds which have different carbon chain lengths

what is the same between compounds which are part of the same homologous series?

- same general formula
- similar chemical properties
- same functional group

how do compounds part of the same homologous series differ from one another

by ch2 from neighbouring compounds
different physical properties

what is the general formula for an alkane

CnH2n+2

what is the general formula for an alkene?

CnH2n

what is the general formula for a halogenoalkane

CnH2n+1X

what is the general formula for an alcohol

CnH2n+1OH

what is functional group

an atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of that molecule

what is the functional group of an alkane

c-c

what is the functional group of an alkene

c=c

what is the functional group of an alcohol

OH

what is the functional group of an halogenoalkane

the halogen

what is the functional group of an aldehydes

what is the functional group of ketones

what is the functional group of carboxylic acids

what are the first six roots used in naming organic compounds

what is the suffix of an alkane

-ane

what is the suffix of an alkene

-ene

what is the suffix of a halogenoalkane

none

what is the suffix of an alcohol

-ol

what is the suffix of an aldehyde

-al

what is the suffix of ketones

-one

what is the suffix of a carboxylic acid

- oic acid

how do you name organic compounds (5)

-Compounds are named after the longest carbon chain in the molecule- look at the molecule to find the longest carbon chain. If there is a functional group, it must be the longest carbon chain containing the functional group
- The ending (suffix) identifies the homologous series (functional group)
-The position of branches and the functional group is shown by a number. The lowest possible number is used.
- Numbers are separated by commas
-Numbers and letters are separated by dashes

what is structural formula

This shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all the bonds.