American and Japanese Colonial Art

Formal Education

The Americans introduced _______________ to the Philippines, including Philippine literature written in English.

Dead Stars

The first Filipino short story in English, named _________ by Paz Marquez Benitez, was published in 1925.

Secularism

The principle that religion should not be connected with government, public education, or other societal institutions.

Vaudeville/Bodabil

A form of theatrical entertainment popular during the American colonial period, featuring a variety of performances such as comedy skits, musical numbers, magic acts, and acrobatics.

University of the Philippines

Established in 1908. This university became a center for academic excellence.

School of Fine Arts

Established in 1909 at the University of the Philippines, it trained many prominent Filipino artists.

Nationalism

Art during the Japanese occupation emphasized _______ and Filipino identity, often aligned with Japanese propaganda.

Fernando Amorsolo

A renowned Filipino artist famous for his bright, naturalistic paintings of rural Philippine life.

New Society (Bagong Lipunan)

A cultural initiative during Martial Law (1972–1981) that aimed to redefine Filipino culture and promote social order.

Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)

An institution established to support and promote Philippine art and culture.

Social Realism

An art movement that depicted the harsh realities of life, including poverty and oppression, particularly during Martial Law.

Pseudonym

A pen name used by writers to conceal their real identity.

Prometheus Unbound

An acrostic poem by Jose Lacaba, under the pseudonym Ruben Cuevas, symbolizing resistance during Martial Law.

Democracy

A system of governance frequently highlighted in art and literature as a symbol of resistance against oppression.

Acrostic Poem

This type of poem follows a specific pattern where the first letter (or sometimes syllable or word) of each line spells out a word, message, or theme when read vertically.