Skeletal System

Flashcards covering key concepts from the skeletal system lecture notes.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Supports body, protects organs, produces blood cells, stores calcium, aids movement.

Hematopoiesis

Process of forming blood cells in the bone.

Types of Bones

Includes long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones.

Long Bone Structure

Composed of diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), medullary cavity, periosteum, and endosteum.

Compact Bone

Type of bone with a dense structure and organized into osteons.

Osteon

The functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae and osteocytes.

Endochondral Ossification

Process of bone formation from cartilage models.

Chondrocytes

Cells found in cartilage that maintain the cartilage matrix.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that form new bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells responsible for resorbing and breaking down bone tissue.

Diarthrosis

Joint classification allowing free movement, typical of most joints.

Pubic Symphysis

An example of an amphiarthrosis joint allowing slight movement.

Flat Bone Structure

Comprises thin layers of compact bone surrounding cancellous bone.

Pelvic Differences Between Genders

Women's pelvis is broader and shallower compared to men's.

Human Skeleton Divisions

Divided into axial skeleton (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton (126 bones).

Types of Joints

Includes synarthrosis (no movement), amphiarthrosis (slight movement), and diarthrosis (free movement).

Synovial Membrane

Lines joint capsules and secretes lubricating fluid.

Articular Cartilage

Covers joint ends of bones to absorb shock and reduce friction.

Bone Density Changes with Age

Bone density generally decreases after age 50.

Types of Diarthrotic Joints

Includes ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding, and condyloid.