psychopathology new stuff

ADHD

a neurodevelopmental disorder involving difficulites with sustaining attention, impulsivity, organizing behavior over time

inattention

forgetful, disorganized, easily distracted; category of ADHD systems

hyperactivity/impulsivity

fidgeting, excessive talking, trouble waiting or sitting still; category of ADHD systems

autism spectrum disorder

a neurodevelopmental disorder with impairment in social communication and interaction, and restricted repetitive behaviors and sensory differences

conduct disorder

psychological dx marked by chronic disregard for the rights of others, including specific behaviors, such s aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft

ODD

syndrome of chronic misbehavior in childhood marked by belligerence, irritability, and defiance, but not to the extent found in a diagnosis of conduct disorder

antisocial personality disorder

sociopathy; must be 18 or older

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

recurrent behavioral episodes of extreme aggression that are disproportionate to the situation

anorexia nervosa

a serious eating disorder defined by restriction of food intake and intense fear of gaining weight, despite being significantly underweight; restriction of energy intake, intense fear of gaining weight

anorexia, restricting type

individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging, weight loss primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise

anorexia, binging/purging type

individual regularly engages in binge eating or purging

bulimia nervosa

excessive binging/purging, normal weight but concern for body type

paraphilic disorders

involve atypical asexual interests sthat cause significant distress or impairment, involve personal garm or risk of harm to others

fetishistic disorder

paraphilic disorder in which a person uses inanimate objects as preferred or exclusive source of sexual arousal

sexual sadism disorder

sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve inflicting pain and humiliation on the sex partner

sexual masochism disorder

sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve personally enduring/receiving pain or humiliation during sex

voyeuristic disorder

sexual arousal from spying on unsuspecting, nonconsenting people undressing or engaging in sexual activity, person is at least 18 years old

exhibitionistic disorder

sexual arousal from exposing genitals to unsuspecting, nonconsenting strangers, arousal comes from the victim’s fear, surprise, or disgust (nonconsent and impact)

frotteuristic disorder

sexual arousal from rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person, usually in crowded places; repeated urges, fantasies, or behaviors over 6+ months

pedophilic disorder

adult obtainment of sexual gratification/arousal by engaging with young children, prepubescent children (person is at least 16 and 5 years older than child)

aversion therapy

pairing unwanted arousal with discomfort, exposed to painful (but harmless) electric shocks when exposed to images/objects of what arouses the,

desensitization procedures

reducing anxiety around healthy sexual activity, taught relaxation techniques

substance use disorders

inability to use a substance in moderation/intentional use of substance to change one’s thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, leading to impairment

gambling disorder

inability to resist the impulse to gamble

substance

any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects that change perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

substance intoxication

a set of behavior and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system

tolerance

diminished effects from same dose—> need more to get intoxicated

substance withdrawal

physical and behavioral symptoms after stopping heavy use, opposite of intoxication symptoms, must cause distress or impairment

depressants

drugs that slow down the central nervous system (alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbituates

cognitive interventions

help clients identify situations in which they are most likely to drink/lose control over their drinking

alcoholics anonymous

based on the disease model of alcoholism, only way to control drinking is to completely abstain from it

harm reduction model

not abstinence, recognize drinking as normative hehavior, focus on education on the risks of drinking in excess and benefits of moderation

alcohol withdrawal

autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, anxiety

delirium tremors

irregular heart rate, confusion, fever, seizures, hallucinations, begin about 3 days into withdrawal. medical emergency (alcohol withdrawal)

stimulants

drugs that activate the central nervous system, causing feelings of energy, happiness, and power/high self-esteem

opioids

substances that produce euphoria, followed by a tranquil state