CH 5 Geography exam material

Population Geography

the study of how people are distributed across space, their characteristics and how populations change over time

Demography

the study of statistics such as births, death, income, or incidence of disease, which illustrates the changing structure of human populations

Rate

frequency of an event for a specified time period.

Cohort

 populations grouped by a common characteristic (often time frame) and used as a statistical unit. Example: “Class of 2024”

Crude Birth Rate

 live births per 1,000 population. Does not factor any additional information (infant mortality, sex distribution, etc.

Total Fertility rate

average number of children a person will have during childbearing years–generally averaged by country. Common indicator for population growth and development status. 

Replacement Level

how many children each offspring-producing person should have to “replace” themselves and their partner. Will differ depending on many factors including infant mortality, death rate etc. Average replacement is 2.1 children.

Crude Death Rate

 average number of deaths per 1,000 population. Common indicator for assessing public health and social issues

Infant Mortality Rate

 average number of infant (<1 year old) deaths per 1,000 population. Used as an indicator of overall public health, healthcare quality, and socio-economic conditions.

Population Pyramid

 graphic to visualize population based on age and sex composition. Designated by age and sex cohorts. Stable, rapid, decline.

Dependency Ratio

number of economic dependents of any age (generally young and old) that each 100 people must support during their productive years. Example: a working-aged person is economically responsible for three children, one disabled adult, and two elderly parents.

Rate of Natural Increase

crude birth rate minus the crude death rate, i.e. how much a population is increasing without the input/output of migration.

Doubling Time

the amount of time a population will take to double at the current rate of growth

Sex imbalance

significantly more of one sex

Average ratio worldwide 95 females to be born for every 100 males

P2= P1+ B-D+IM-OM

P2 is population at time 2

P1 is population at beginning date

B is the number of births

D is the number of deaths

IM is the number of In-migrants

OM is the number of out- migrants

What is the total current population (P2) if:

P1=1,500,000: B=300,000; D=100,000 IM =150,000 OM=50,000

1,800,000