FACS 370 Exam 1 - Liberty University (copy)

Parenthood implies that parents are responsible for——-, ——, ——, and acting as ——

nurturing, teaching, socializing, guardians

Coparents

permanent and semi-permanent roles

coparents are characterized by 2 lead factors:

executive function, emotional attachment/commitment

Contemporary ideas on parenting roles reflect best ——-

practices

Parent-child relationship is ———

bidirectional

Parenting role can be characterized by 4 dimensions

Family as a System, Bidirectional relationship, Developmental lifespan , Social construct

Parenting styles reflect the interaction between——- and their ———- ———

individuals, child-rearing goals

Parenting styles are influenced by…

family of origin, sociocultural influences, bidirectional influence, developmental time, personality, temperament, family structure

Social changes, such as greater gender equality and education contribute to family changes in —-, ——-, and ———

form, function, structure

bidirectional influence:

the ways children and parents can influence each other

Androgynous Parenting

gender neutral roles

binuclear family

children who have access to 2 families, usually through divorce

the parent-child relationship is the ———- of parenting

foundation

Parent-child relationships are ——-

dynamic

Parents are a child’s first——-

teacher

— ——- should include encouragement, positive messages, nurture, and guidance

Appropriate Discipline

— ——  should be moderate, developmentally appropriate, and acknowledge the particular child’s needs

effective discipline

corporal punishment

Discipline should emphasize the teaching of appropriate behavior through positive and preferable nonpunitive approaches

How many different parenting styles are there?

4

Authoritative

most favored, balanced

authoritarian

high structure, low nurture

permissive

high nurture, low structure

uninvolved

low nurture, low structure

The ——- ———- Model illustrates the relationship between parenting approaches and the context of them

Parenting Circumplex

— communication allows both parent and child to participate using active listening techniques

Bidirectional

— ——- —— emphasizes the influence of modeling and observation in learning

Social learning theory

discipline

a form of guiding behavior in which parents explore constructive ways of shaping a child’s conduct

nurture

relates to all the ways in which love and emotional support/warmth is demonstrated

structure

provided through internalized boundaries and controls acquired through socialization experiences that guide behavior

responsive care

expressed when a parent determines what a child’s needs are and approximately reacts to these needs

Etic Perspective

culturally universal (outsider view)

Emic Perspective

culturally specific (insider view)

socialization

the way the parents and other societal entities teach

In the past, parenting centered around —— rather than ——-

survival, nurture

In the past, most parents practiced an ——, ——— parenting style

authoritarian, unidirectional

Nurturing, developmentally-minded parenting began formalizing in the ——

1800s

Socialization is ——

bidirectional

It may be difficult for immigrant families to merge ——- culture with —— culture

heritage, host

Family migration can present challenges like——-, ——-, and ——- to new cultures

instability, separation, assimilation

globalization

the increasing interconnectedness worldwide

Theories are flexible ideas that reflect on ———- or ——- or try to find meaning and order from them

observations, realities

— are influenced by social context, experiences, education, and the opinions of the theorists

theories

What has gone before us…

paves the way for what is ahead

As behavioral and social sciences moved from ——- to ——- parenting, theorists began to focus on children’s needs

unidirectional, bidirectional

— ——- explains the process of psychosocial development over the lifespan through psychological stages

Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson’s developmental changes occur within the context of the —- ——— that individuals experience throughout their lifespan

social environments

— —- —- stresses the importance of the experiences that parents provide for children both physical and social

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Vygotsky’s views expand on social learning which include —— and zone of —- ——

scaffolding, proximal development

— —— —— explains the complex interactions of a family group and how group stability is maintained

Family Systems Theory

Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological systems theory explains how individual’s and families are affects by a variety of interacting ——— in a ——-l manner

environments, bidirectiona

— —- —- —— allows us to understand the complexity and diversity of families

Systematic Family Development Theory

Democratic approaches to parenting

encouragement, setting appropriate limits, mutual respect among family, and collective decision-making

Attachment Theory

focus is connection between an infants early bonding experiences with parent

Attachment theory also focuses on infant’s ability to form —/—- relationships later in life

loving/trusting

Consistent, loving parents allows development of —-

trust

Galinsky’s 6 Stages of Parenthood (INAIID)

image making, nurturing, authority, interpretive, interdependent, departing

image making

rehearsing

nurturing

establish attachment

authority

realizing parenting needs it

interpretive

interpreting world for children

interdependent

reexamine parental authority

departing

reflecting

first year of life

HOPE

Toddler

WILL

3-5

PURPOSE

5-12

COMPETENCE

12-19

FIDELITY

19+

LOVE

2nd stage of adulthood

CARE

final stage of life

WISDOM

The law can step in when basic —— ——- are not being upheld

parental guidelines

— Amendment gives parents the right to parent their children according to their moral compass

14^th

The 14^th Amendment upholds the parental right to make decisions for their children under —-

18

If abuse of a child is suspected it is the job of the—- —-to protect that child

legal system

— —— are more likely to have experienced abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction

Foster children

Alternative Dispute Resolution

agreement about dispute is reached outside the courtroom

collaborative divorce

\each party hires a specially trained lawyer to create divorce settlement

Parent plans establish written guidelines for each parent to follow, outlining issues that may arise, such as —- ——

child support

A —- ——- is the best source of emotional stability and good physical health for children

stable marriage

— —- of Americans divorce

40-50%

— of couples live together before marriage

66%

The number of couples cohabitating before marriage has increased by—- since the —-

800%, 1960s

Ownership Parenting

Driven by vision, motivated and shaped by what parents want for their children and from their children.

Ambassadorial Parenting

seek the rescue and the power to remember that only God in his amazing grace can provide.

Ownership Parenting: IDENTITY

Parents find their identity, meaning, and purpose from their children.

Ambassadorial Parenting: IDENTITY

Parents get their identity from the one whom they represent

Ownership Parenting: WORK

Parents feel like it’s their job to make their children something. (very materialistic)

Ambassadorial Parenting: WORK

motivated by the potential of what grace could do.

Ownership Parenting: SUCCESS

Performance-based success

Ambassadorial Parenting: SUCCESS

It is only up to God and does not determine a parent’s success

Ownership Parenting: REPUTATION

Parents turn their children into trophies.

Ambassadorial Parenting: REPUTATION

God does the work and glory. Parents are able to be the tools God uses.

Parental Dyad

two parents are involved

nuclear families

parents and their children

Ecology

interdisciplinary branch of biology that examines the interrelationship between organisms and their environments.

subsystem

microcosm of the larger family system that mirrors the functioning of this group.

Unidirectional

one way

Social Construct

The parental role is a social institution based on complex values, beliefs, norms, and behavior

Dual parenting

Both parents will contribute whatever the parenting situation demands, regardless of traditional gender role stereotypes.

Sandwich Generation

Adults who are looking after their own parents