Classification of Joints

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Gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis

Types of Fibrous Joints

Gomphosis

Fibroblasts in periodontal ligaments play an essential role in responses to mechanical force by remodeling and replacing damaged matrix components.

• A specific joint that anchors the tooth to its socket

Suture

Bones connected by dense irregular connective tissue with no joint cavity

• Specific to skull

Syndesmosis

Dense fibrous tissue with an oblique orientation

• Specific to two adjacent bones

Cartilaginous Joints

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between articulating surfaces (lack joint cavity)

Synchondroses, symphyses

Types of cartilaginous joints

Synchondroses

Contain hyaline cartilage

• Epiphyseal plate, joint between first rib and sternum, costochondral joints

Symphyses

Contain fibrocartilage

• Pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

Synovial Joints

Bones are covered with articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage).

Sensory nerve fibers

Detect pain and joint stretching.

Synovial Fluid

Found within joint cavity, viscous and reduces friction.

• Contains hyaluronic acid and lubricin

Type B Synoviocytes, synovial membrane

Manufactures synovial fluid

Type A Synoviocytes

Phagocytic white blood cells that capture and remove debris.

Bursa

Some joints have an extension of the synovial membrane— this contains synovial fluid and acts as a cushion.