HESI Biology - set 1

Nucleus

Organelle that controls cell activities

Mitochondria

Organelle that produces energy (ATP)

Ribosomes

Organelle where proteins are made

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that modifies and packages proteins

Lysosome

Organelle that breaks down waste

Cell membrane

Structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cytoskeleton

Organelle that provides structure and support

Smooth ER

Organelle that makes lipids

Rough ER

Organelle that transports proteins

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

Main function of proteins

Structure, enzymes, transport

Monosaccharides

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Main function of carbohydrates

Quick energy

Fatty acids and glycerol

Building blocks of lipids

Main function of lipids

Long-term energy, insulation, membranes

Nucleotides

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Main function of nucleic acids

Store genetic information

What enzymes do

Speed up chemical reactions

What affects enzyme activity

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration

What happens when enzymes get too hot

They denature

Enzymes are made of what

Proteins

Sugar in DNA

Deoxyribose

Sugar in RNA

Ribose

Bases in DNA

A, T, C, G

Bases in RNA

A, U, C, G

Shape of DNA

Double helix

Shape of RNA

Single-stranded

Function of DNA

Stores genetic information

Function of RNA

Helps build proteins

Where transcription occurs

Nucleus

What transcription produces

mRNA

Where translation occurs

Ribosome

What translation produces

Protein

Molecules involved in translation

mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes

Purpose of mitosis

Growth and repair

Purpose of meiosis

Produce gametes

Number of daughter cells in mitosis

2 identical cells

Number of daughter cells in meiosis

4 genetically different cells

Chromosome number in mitosis

Stays the same

Chromosome number in meiosis

Cut in half

Type of cells produced by mitosis

Somatic cells

Type of cells produced by meiosis

Gametes (egg/sperm)