SAQ

SAQ 1.1 — Between c. 1200–1450 give an example of technological or cultural exchange facilitated by nomadic empires.

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one specific example of technological or cultural exchange facilitated by nomadic empires was the spread of gunpowder by the Mongols; Evidence: The Mongols moved gunpowder and printing from China to the Middle East through conquest and trade; Explanation: This spread changed how societies fought wars and communicated showing that nomadic empires connected distant civilizations through innovation.

SAQ 1.2 — Between c. 1200–1450 what was the main argument about Central Asian nomads?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 the main argument of the passage is that Central Asian nomads were connectors not destroyers of civilizations; Evidence: They linked **East Asia

SAQ 1.3 — Between c. 1200–1450 how did nomadic societies contribute to cultural exchange?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 nomadic societies contributed to cultural exchange by keeping trade routes safe; Evidence: The Mongols protected merchants and travelers along the Silk Roads during the Pax Mongolica; Explanation: This stability allowed **religions

SAQ 2.A — Between c. 1200–1450 what was the main argument about Timur’s Empire and trade?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 the main argument of the passage is that Timur’s Empire encouraged trade and cultural contact despite his conquests; Evidence: His empire reopened major trade routes connecting **Central Asia

SAQ 2.B — Between c. 1200–1450 what was a major economic development during this period?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 a major economic development was the revival of long-distance trade across Eurasia; Evidence: Merchants traded luxury goods like silk and spices across the Silk Roads; Explanation: These exchanges increased wealth and connected distant cities strengthening global trade systems.

SAQ 2.C — Between c. 1200–1450 how did economic interactions like Timur’s trade routes affect art and architecture?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 economic interactions like Timur’s trade routes spread art and architecture styles; Evidence: Persian architectural styles influenced Indian and Mughal architecture; Explanation: This happened because trade and conquest brought together artists and ideas from multiple cultures.

SAQ 3.A — Between c. 1200–1450 what was an agricultural advancement that affected population growth?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one agricultural advancement was the spread of Champa rice from Vietnam to China; Evidence: It allowed farmers to grow two harvests per year (double harvest) and helped support population growth and urbanization; Explanation: This innovation increased food production which supported population and urban growth.

SAQ 3.B — Between c. 1200–1450 how did exchange networks affect agriculture?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 exchange networks affected agriculture by spreading new crops and tools; Evidence: Crops like **sugarcane

SAQ 3.C — Between c. 1200–1450 how did trade expansion affect the environment?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 trade expansion affected the environment by increasing human impact on land; Evidence: Farmers cleared forests and expanded irrigation for commercial crops; Explanation: These actions caused deforestation and soil depletion showing how economic growth changed ecosystems.

SAQ 4.A — Between c. 1200–1450 what caused Indian Ocean trade to expand?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one cause of Indian Ocean trade expansion was improved navigation and sailing technology; Evidence: Tools like the **compass

SAQ 4.B — Between c. 1200–1450 what was an effect of expanded Indian Ocean trade?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one effect of expanded Indian Ocean trade was the rise of wealthy port cities; Evidence: Cities such as **Kilwa

SAQ 4.C — Between c. 1200–1450 how did Indian Ocean and Silk Road trade routes work together?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 the Indian Ocean and Silk Road routes worked together to expand global trade; Evidence: Sea routes carried bulk goods while land routes traded luxury items; Explanation: Together they linked inland and coastal regions creating a more connected Afro-Eurasian economy.

SAQ 5.A — Between c. 1200–1450 what caused Silk Road expansion?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 a major cause of Silk Road expansion was Mongol control of Eurasia; Evidence: The Pax Mongolica made overland travel safer and more efficient; Explanation: This stability encouraged long-distance trade and revived old routes.

SAQ 5.B — Between c. 1200–1450 what effect did Silk Road expansion have on ideas and technology?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one effect of Silk Road expansion was the spread of technology and ideas; Evidence: **Gunpowder

SAQ 5.C — Between c. 1200–1450 how did Silk Road trade affect cities?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 the growth of Silk Road trade led to urban expansion; Evidence: Cities like Samarkand and Kashgar became major trade hubs; Explanation: Increased commerce supported population growth and cultural development in these cities.

SAQ 6.A — Between c. 1200–1450 what caused Trans-Saharan trade growth?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one cause of Trans-Saharan trade growth was the camel and camel saddle; Evidence: Camels could carry up to 600 pounds

SAQ 6.B — Between c. 1200–1450 what effect did Trans-Saharan trade have on religion and learning?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 one effect of Trans-Saharan trade was the spread of Islam and learning to West Africa; Evidence: Cities like Timbuktu became centers of religion and education; Explanation: Muslim merchants and scholars brought Islamic culture and knowledge into the region.

SAQ 6.C — Between c. 1200–1450 how did Trans-Saharan trade affect political power in West Africa?

Claim: Between c. 1200–1450 Trans-Saharan trade increased political power in West Africa; Evidence: Rulers like Mansa Musa grew wealthy by taxing trade; Explanation: This wealth strengthened their governments and helped centralize their empires.