GMOs

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to genomics, gene expression, and genetic technologies as described in the lecture notes.

Genomes

The complete set of genetic material of an organism, including genes and non-coding sequences.

Repetitive DNA

DNA sequences that are repeated multiple times in the genome, making them challenging to sequence.

Sanger sequencing

A method for DNA sequencing that was found to be effective for sequencing repetitive DNA.

Comparative Genomics

The study of the similarities and differences in genomes from different organisms.

Orthologous structures

Genes or proteins that diverged after a speciation event.

Paralogous structures

Genes or proteins that diverged after a duplication event.

Gene Expression

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, typically proteins.

Transcriptional factors

Proteins that regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Epigenetics

The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the genetic code itself.

Genome editing

The alteration of a specific DNA sequence in the genome using techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9.

Transgenic organisms

Organisms that have been genetically modified to carry genes from other species.

Metabolomics

The study of metabolites in biological samples, providing insights into metabolism and physiological states.

Crispr/Cas9

A revolutionary genome editing technique that allows for precise modifications in DNA.

Population genomics

The study of genetic variation within populations and how these variations change over time.

Phylogeography

The study of the historical processes that could be responsible for the contemporary geographic distributions of individuals.