BIO 1010 — UNIT 2 EXAM Quiz-Style Flashcards v`1

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to DNA structure and function, gene regulation, cell division, mutations, and advancements in genomic medicine.

Nucleotides

The basic building blocks of DNA.

Double helix

The native structure of DNA, characterized by complementary antiparallel strands.

Photo 51

The X-ray diffraction image that revealed DNA’s helical structure.

5′→3′ and 3′→5′

The orientations of the two antiparallel DNA strands.

Complementary base pairing rule

A pairs with T, G pairs with C.

Hydrogen bonds

Connect complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA.

DNA replication

The process that results in two identical DNA molecules.

Okazaki fragments

Short segments of DNA formed on the lagging strand during replication.

Transcription

The process of producing mRNA from DNA.

Ribosomes

The site where translation occurs to synthesize proteins.

Codons

Three-nucleotide sequences found on mRNA that determine amino acids.

Introns

Non-coding regions that are removed from RNA.

Spliceosome

The complex that removes introns from pre-mRNA.

Mutations

Changes in DNA that can generate genetic variation.

Mitosis

The process of cell division resulting in two identical diploid cells.

HOX genes

Transcription factors that regulate body plan during development.

Personalized medicine

Utilizes genomic information to guide treatment.

CRISPR

A gene editing system derived from bacterial immune defense.

Induced pluripotent stem cells

Stem cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.