HIST100 GR2

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aircraft carrier

A naval vessel designed to launch and recover aircraft.

Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS)

A United States Army Air Corps school dedicated to the development of air power and military strategy.

“Bomber Mafia”

A group of military strategists advocating for the strategic use of bombers to win wars.

William “Billy” Mitchell

A pioneering American aviation advocate and military general known for promoting the importance of air power.

Ostfre island

An island significant in military strategy, notably during World War II.

Giulio Douhet

An Italian general and air power theorist known for his strategic ideas on air warfare.

Command of the Air

The concept that control of the air is essential for successful military operations.

“industrial web theory”

A strategic concept emphasizing the interconnectedness of industries and infrastructure in warfare.

Sir Hugh Trenchard

A British Army officer and influential figure in the Royal Air Force, known as the 'father of the RAF'.

Royal Air Force

The air force of the United Kingdom, established in 1918.

“control of the air”

The dominance of one air force over another, allowing for freedom of movement and operations.

Luftwaffe

The aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.

Die Luftkreigführung

The German doctrine of air warfare that guided Luftwaffe operations during World War II.

Guernica

A town in Spain, famously bombed in 1937, symbolizing the horrors of war.

National Defense Act of 1920

Legislation that reorganized and expanded the United States military following World War I.

Washington Naval Conference

A 1921 conference aimed at naval disarmament and maintaining peace among major powers.

Rainbow Plans/War Plan Orange

Strategic military plans developed by the U.S. for potential conflicts, particularly against Japan.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

An international agreement signed in 1928 to condemn war as a method of resolving disputes.

J.F.C Fuller

A British general and military theorist known for his writings on mechanized warfare.

Basil Liddell-Hart

A British military strategist known for his theories on indirect approach in warfare.

Maginot Line

A defensive fortification built by France along its border with Germany.

Bataille Conduite (methodical battle)

A French military doctrine emphasizing careful planning and coordination in warfare.

Hans von Seeckt

A German general who contributed significantly to post-World War I military reforms.

Die Truppenführung

A German military principle of troop leadership and command.

Heinz Guderian

A German general known for his role in developing tank warfare and blitzkrieg tactics.

auftragstaktik (mission-type tactics)

A command approach that allows subordinates to make decisions based on the situation.

Panzer division

A mechanized infantry unit in the German army that includes tanks.

Josef Stalin

The leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

“Red Purge”

A campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union targeting perceived opponents.

Soviet Doctrine: “Deep battle” and “deep operations”

Military strategies focusing on deep penetration into enemy territory to disrupt and destroy their forces.

Mein Kampf

An autobiographical book by Adolf Hitler outlining his political ideology and plans for Germany.

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

A 1939 agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to avoid conflict.

“The Winter War”

A military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland from 1939 to 1940.

Battle of Narvik

A World War II battle in Norway, significant for control over iron ore supplies.

Case White

The German plan for the invasion of Poland in 1939.

Case Yellow

The code name for the German invasion of France and the Low Countries in 1940.

Revolution in Military Affairs

A term describing the transformation in military strategy and technology in the late 20th century.

Schwerpunkt (point of main effort)

A military concept focusing resources and forces at a decisive point in warfare.

Vernichtungsgedanke (concept of annihilation)

The idea of completely destroying the enemy's forces as a military objective.

kesselschlacht (encirclement)

A military tactic involving encircling and isolating enemy forces.

Dunkirk

The site of a major evacuation of Allied soldiers from France in 1940.

Operation SEA LION

The code name for Germany's plan to invade Great Britain during World War II.

Air Marshall Sir Hugh Dowding

The commander of the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain.

The Dowding System

The integrated air defense system utilized by the RAF during the Battle of Britain.

Battle of Britain

A significant World War II campaign in which the RAF defended the UK against the Luftwaffe.

London “Blitz”

The sustained bombing campaign conducted by the German Luftwaffe against London in 1940.

Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) and Radar

Technology and methods used to detect and manage air threats in military operations.

Bletchley Park

The British codebreaking center during World War II, famous for its work on decrypting Enigma.

Project Ultra

The code name for the British effort to decrypt German military communications during World War II.

British codebreaking effort, centered at Bletchley Park, that successfully decrypted German communications encrypted by the Enigma machine and other ciphers. Its impact on Allied operations was profound, though carefully concealed at the time to prevent Germany from realizing its codes were compromised.