the Haber process

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7 Terms

1
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what is the Haber process?

  • making ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen

    • ammonia = fertiliser

2
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what is the Haber process equation?

  • nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia

  • N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

3
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why is the reaction suitable for an industrial scale?

reactants = accessible, cheap

4
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what is the Haber process method?

  1. nitrogen obtained from air

  2. hydrogen obtained from reacting methane with steam

  3. reactant gases pass over iron catalyst

    • high temperature (450°C)

    • high pressure (200 atmospheres)

  4. reaction is reversible

    • some ammonia converts back to gas

    • reaches dynamic equilibrium

  5. ammonia gas cools in condenser

    • liquifies and removed

  6. unused hydrogen and nitrogen recycled

5
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what are the conditions of the iron catalyst?

  • high temperature (450°C)

    • compromise between yield and speed

      • increase temperature = equilibrium to nitrogen and hydrogen

      • lower temperature = slower rate of reaction

  • high pressure (200 atmospheres)

6
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what is the ammonia produced from the Haber process used for?

  • make ammonium nitrate

    • fertiliser

7
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what is the forwards reaction of the Haber process?

  • exothermic

    • increase temperature = favours nitrogen and hydrogen