Hosa Pathophysiology (Circulatory/Blood vessels/ Lymphatic)

ischemia

restriction in blood supply

atherosclerosis

buildup of plaque in the artery wall

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

angina pectoris

chest pain due to ischemia

myocardial infarcation

death of myocardial tissue due to development of ischemia (heart attack)

thrombus

blood clot

cardiac arrest

cessation of cardiac activity due to anoxia (absence of oxygen) or interruption of the electrical stimuli to the heart

hypoxia

low amount of inadequate supply of O2

asystole

flatline, is a state of no cardiac electrical activity, hence no contractions of the myocardium

CPR

cardiopulmonary resusciation

essential/primary hypertension

abnormally high blood pressure (BP)

malignant hypertension

severe form of hypertension

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

inability of the heart to pump enough blood

edema

swelling of body

cor pumonale

right-sided heart diseases (enlargment of the right ventricle)

pulmonary edema

fluid shift into the spaces of the lungs

cardiomyopathy

noninflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of the myocardium and ventricle malfunciton

dyspnea

Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath

palpitations

A sensation of rapid or irregular beating of the heart.

tachycardia

Abnormally rapid heartbeat greater than 100 beats/minute.

pericarditis

inflammation of the pericardium (serosa), which is the sack enclosing and protecting the heart

myocarditis

inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart

endocarditis

inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves

rheumatic fever

inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the joints and cardiac tissue

rheumatic heart diesease

cardiac problems which follow rheumatic fever

mitral stenosis

-narrowing of openining in mitral valve that impeeds blood flow from the LA to LV

mitral insufficiency

causes backflow of blood into the left atrium due to incomplete closure of valve

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

one or more of the cusps protrudes back into the left atrium during contraction

arrhythimas

deviation from the normal heartbeat; irregular heart beat

shock

collapse of the CV system

anaphlaxis

severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen

hemorrhage

blood loss

sepsis

body has a severe response to bacteria or other germs

Emboli

clotsof blood that can lodge in a vessel and inhibit blood flow

Aneurysm

local dilation of the artery caused by a weak artery

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein(most of the time in the lower legs)

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus on the the vessel wall

venous stasis

condition of slow blood flow in the veins

varicose veins

swollen, and knotted veins in the lowerlegs

Buerger's

inflammation of the peripheral arteries and veins of the extremities with clot formation

Raynaud's

vasopastic condition of the fingers, hands , or feet. causes pain, numbness and discoloration in these areas.

Anemia

a reduction in the quantity of RBC/hemoglboin

Agranulocytosis/neutropenia

leuckocyte levels become extremely low

polycythemia

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

thrombocytopenia

any disorder in which there is an abnormally low amount of platelets

leukemia

malignant neoplasms of the blood-forming organs (bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes)

neoplasm

abnormal mass of tissue

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

OVERPRODUCTION OF IMMAtURE LYPHOID CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW AND LYMPH NODES

Chronic Lymphocytcic Leukemia (CLL)

accumulation of mature yet malfunctioned lymphocytes

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

rapidly progressive neoplasm of cells committed to the myeloid line of development

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

excess mature yet hypofuncitonal neutrophils

lyphatic system

composed of lymphatic vessels, tissues, nodes, tonsils, spleen and lymph

Lymphedmea

abnormal collection of lymph, usually in the extremitites

Lymphangitis

inflammation of the lymph vessels

lymphoma

malignant neoplasms that arise from uncontrolled proliferation of the cellular components of lymph system

Hodgkin's

cancer of the body's lymphatic system, in which the involved cells proliferate and interfere with normal functioning by collection in masses in various parts of the body.

Non-Hodgkin's

no Reed stern-berg cell . cancer of lymph tissue

Hemophillia

hereditary bleeding disorder from deficiency of clotting factor

Disseminated Intravasuclar Coagulation

simultaneous hemorrage and thrombosis

Cardiogenic Shock

Caused by inadequate function of the heart or pump failure

Cardiac Tamponade/compression

compression of the myocardium and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in the pericardial sac